1. 9-1 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Chapter 9 Emerging Trends and Technologies Business, People, and Technology tomorrow

2. 9-2 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Presentation Overview The Need For Information Filtering The Need For Information Filtering The Movement Toward Intellectual Computing The Movement Toward Intellectual Computing The Changing of Physiological Interaction The Changing of Physiological Interaction Increasing Portability and Mobility Increasing Portability and Mobility The Digital Frontier The Digital Frontier The Rebirth of E-Commerce The Rebirth of E-Commerce The Most Important Considerations The Most Important Considerations

3. 9-3 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Opening Case Study Would You Use an Internet-Enabled Toilet? Matsushita recently announced its plan to make Internet-enabled toilets widely available to the public. Matsushita recently announced its plan to make Internet-enabled toilets widely available to the public. How would an internet-enabled toilet impact your life and your privacy? How would an internet-enabled toilet impact your life and your privacy?

4. 9-4 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Technology is changing everyday. Technology is changing everyday. As you read this chapter focus on how new technologies will change the things that you do, both from a personal and organizational perspective. As you read this chapter focus on how new technologies will change the things that you do, both from a personal and organizational perspective. Introduction

5. 9-5 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Introduction

6. 9-6 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved The Need For Information Filtering Push, Not Pull Technologies In a pull technology environment you request and find what information you want. In a pull technology environment you request and find what information you want. Push technology – an environment in which businesses and organizations come to you with information, services, and product offerings based on your profile. Push technology – an environment in which businesses and organizations come to you with information, services, and product offerings based on your profile.

7. 9-7 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved The Need For Information Filtering Push, Not Pull Technologies

8. 9-8 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Information suppliers include businesses that provide you with magazines, newspapers, Internet access, telephone service, cable TV, books, and the like. Information suppliers include businesses that provide you with magazines, newspapers, Internet access, telephone service, cable TV, books, and the like. If you receive your newspaper from the same company that supplies your Internet access you are experiencing supplier convergence. If you receive your newspaper from the same company that supplies your Internet access you are experiencing supplier convergence. You’ll notice a greater ability to filter information when you start to enjoy the convergence of information suppliers. You’ll notice a greater ability to filter information when you start to enjoy the convergence of information suppliers. The Need For Information Filtering Information Supplier Convergence

9. 9-9 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Automatic speech recognition has come a long way in the past several years, but it still has a long way to go. Automatic speech recognition has come a long way in the past several years, but it still has a long way to go. If we someday create intelligent software, then speech recognition will become speech understanding. If we someday create intelligent software, then speech recognition will become speech understanding. The Movement Toward Intellectual Computing Automatic Speech Understanding

10. 9-10 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Regardless of how intelligent a computer system may become, it will never completely replace people in all aspects of decision making. Regardless of how intelligent a computer system may become, it will never completely replace people in all aspects of decision making. The Movement Toward Intellectual Computing People Will Still Make The Decisions On Your Own Where Should the Decision Rest? (p. 444)

11. 9-11 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved The Changing Of Physiological Interaction Biometrics - the use of your physical characteristics – such as your fingerprint, the blood vessels in the retina of your eye, the sound of your voice, or perhaps even your breath – to provide identification. Biometrics - the use of your physical characteristics – such as your fingerprint, the blood vessels in the retina of your eye, the sound of your voice, or perhaps even your breath – to provide identification.

12. 9-12 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved The Changing Of Physiological Interaction Automatic Speech Recognition Automatic speech recognition (ASR) – a system that not only captures spoken words but also distinguishes word groupings to form sentences. Automatic speech recognition (ASR) – a system that not only captures spoken words but also distinguishes word groupings to form sentences. An ASR system follows three steps. An ASR system follows three steps. 1. Feature analysis - the system captures your words as you speak into a microphone, eliminates any background noise, and converts the digital signals of your speech into phonemes (syllables).

13. 9-13 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved The Changing Of Physiological Interaction Automatic Speech Recognition 2. Pattern classification - the system matches your spoken phonemes to a phoneme sequence stored in an acoustic model database. 3. Language processing - the system attempts to make sense of what you’re saying by comparing the word phonemes generated in step 2 with a language model database.

14. 9-14 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved The Changing Of Physiological Interaction Virtual Reality Virtual reality – a three-dimensional computer simulation in which you actively and physically participate. Virtual reality – a three-dimensional computer simulation in which you actively and physically participate.  Glove – an input device that captures and records the shape and movement of your hand and fingers and the strength of your hand and finger movements.

15. 9-15 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved The Changing Of Physiological Interaction Virtual Reality  Headset – a combined input and output device that (1) captures and records the movement of your head and (2) contains a screen that covers your entire field of vision and displays various views of an environment based on your movements.  Walker – an input device that captures and records the movement of your feet as you walk or turn in different directions.

16. 9-16 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved The Changing Of Physiological Interaction Virtual Reality Team Work Finding Applications Of Virtual Reality (p. 446)

17. 9-17 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved The Changing Of Physiological Interaction Cave Automatic Virtual Environment CAVE (cave automatic virtual environment) - a special 3-D virtual reality room that can display images of other people and objects located in other CAVEs all over the world. CAVE (cave automatic virtual environment) - a special 3-D virtual reality room that can display images of other people and objects located in other CAVEs all over the world. Holographic devices – devices that create, capture, and/or display images in true three- dimensional form. Holographic devices – devices that create, capture, and/or display images in true three- dimensional form.

18. 9-18 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved The Changing Of Physiological Interaction Cave Automatic Virtual Environment

19. 9-19 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Increasing Portability and Mobility Portability refers to how easy it is for you to carry around your technology. Portability refers to how easy it is for you to carry around your technology. Mobility encompasses what you have the ability to do with your technology while carrying it around. Mobility encompasses what you have the ability to do with your technology while carrying it around.

20. 9-20 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Increasing Portability and Mobility Free Internet Phone Calls

21. 9-21 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Increasing Portability and Mobility Micro-Payments and Financial Cybermediaries Micro-payments - techniques to facilitate the exchange of small amounts of money for an Internet transaction. Micro-payments - techniques to facilitate the exchange of small amounts of money for an Internet transaction. Financial cybermediaries - Internet-based companies that make it easy for one person to pay another person over the Internet. Financial cybermediaries - Internet-based companies that make it easy for one person to pay another person over the Internet.

22. 9-22 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Increasing Portability and Mobility Wearable Computers Wearable computer - a fully-equipped computer that you wear as a piece of clothing or attached to a piece of clothing similar to way you would carry your cell phone on your belt. Wearable computer - a fully-equipped computer that you wear as a piece of clothing or attached to a piece of clothing similar to way you would carry your cell phone on your belt.

23. 9-23 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Increasing Portability and Mobility Wearable Computers

24. 9-24 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Increasing Portability and Mobility Implant Chips Implant chip - a technology-enabled microchip implanted into the human body. Implant chips server two functions: Implant chip - a technology-enabled microchip implanted into the human body. Implant chips server two functions: 1. Contains memory which stores important information about you. 2. Many of these chips are GPS-enabled.

25. 9-25 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Increasing Portability and Mobility Implant Chips Global positioning system (GPS) - a collection of 24 earth-orbiting satellites that continuously transmit radio signals to determine your current longitude, latitude, speed, and direction of movement. Global positioning system (GPS) - a collection of 24 earth-orbiting satellites that continuously transmit radio signals to determine your current longitude, latitude, speed, and direction of movement.

26. 9-26 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Increasing Portability and Mobility Implant Chips Team Work Selling the Idea of Implant Chips at Your School (p. 451)

27. 9-27 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved The Digital Frontier Digital economy – marked by the electronic movement of all types of information, not limited to numbers, words, graphs, and photos but including physiological information such as voice recognition and synthesization, biometrics (your retina scan and breath for example), and 3-D holograms. Digital economy – marked by the electronic movement of all types of information, not limited to numbers, words, graphs, and photos but including physiological information such as voice recognition and synthesization, biometrics (your retina scan and breath for example), and 3-D holograms. Last-mile bottleneck problem - occurs when information is traveling on the Internet over a very fast line for a certain distance and then comes near your home where it must travel over a slower line. Last-mile bottleneck problem - occurs when information is traveling on the Internet over a very fast line for a certain distance and then comes near your home where it must travel over a slower line.

28. 9-28 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved The Digital Frontier Three-Dimensional Technology Three-dimensional (3-D) technology - presentations of information that give you the illusion that the object you’re viewing is actually in the room with you. Three-dimensional (3-D) technology - presentations of information that give you the illusion that the object you’re viewing is actually in the room with you.

29. 9-29 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved The Digital Frontier Digital Cash Digital cash (also called electronic cash or e-cash) - an electronic representation of cash. Digital cash (also called electronic cash or e-cash) - an electronic representation of cash.

30. 9-30 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved The Rebirth of E-Commerce Broadening of E-Government There are four primary focuses in the e-government arena. 1. Government-to-Government (G2G) – performing electronic commerce activities within a single nation’s government focusing on vertical integration and horizontal integration. 2. Government-to-Business (G2B) – the electronic commerce activities performed between a government and its business partners for such purposes as purchasing direct and indirect materials, soliciting bids for work, and accepting bids for work.

31. 9-31 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved The Rebirth of E-Commerce Broadening of E-Government 3. Government-to-Consumer (G2C) – the electronic commerce activities performed between a government and its citizens or consumers including paying taxes, registering vehicles, and providing information and services. 4. International Government-to-Government (IG2G) – the electronic commerce activities performed between two or more governments including providing foreign aid.

32. 9-32 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved The Rebirth of E-Commerce Broadening of E-Government

33. 9-33 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved The Rebirth of E-Commerce Explosion of C2C E-Commerce Of all the types of private-sector e- commerce activities – B2B, B2C, C2C, and C2B – the least amount of revenue dollars right now is in the C2C (consumer- to-consumer) space. Of all the types of private-sector e- commerce activities – B2B, B2C, C2C, and C2B – the least amount of revenue dollars right now is in the C2C (consumer- to-consumer) space. We expect that to change rather dramatically in the next several years. We expect that to change rather dramatically in the next several years.

34. 9-34 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved The Most Important Considerations The Necessity of Technology Technology is a necessity today. Technology is a necessity today. It’s hard to imagine a world without technology. It’s hard to imagine a world without technology. Just as we need electricity to function on an everyday basis, we need technology as well. Just as we need electricity to function on an everyday basis, we need technology as well.

35. 9-35 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved The Most Important Considerations Closing the Great Digital Divide The power of technology needs to be realized on a worldwide scale. The power of technology needs to be realized on a worldwide scale. We cannot afford to have any technology- challenged nation or culture (within reason). We cannot afford to have any technology- challenged nation or culture (within reason).

36. 9-36 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved The Most Important Considerations Technology for the Betterment of People and Society As you approach the development and use of technological innovations (or even standard technologies), think in terms of the betterment of people and society in general. As you approach the development and use of technological innovations (or even standard technologies), think in terms of the betterment of people and society in general.

37. 9-37 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved The Most Important Considerations Exchanging Privacy for Convenience You need to consider how much of your personal privacy you’re giving up in exchange for convenience. You need to consider how much of your personal privacy you’re giving up in exchange for convenience. Everyday you’re giving up just a little more privacy in exchange for a little more convenience. Everyday you’re giving up just a little more privacy in exchange for a little more convenience.

38. 9-38 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved The Most Important Considerations Ethics, Ethics, Ethics Ethics guide your behavior that affects other people. Ethics guide your behavior that affects other people. It’s quite possible to be very ethical and very successful. It’s quite possible to be very ethical and very successful. On Your Own Necessity, Convenience, and Privacy (p. 458)

39. 9-39 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Closing Case Study One Airtexting: Wave Your Cell Phone Message In The Air U.S. manufacturers of cell phones and providers of cell phone service are heavily targeting teenagers. U.S. manufacturers of cell phones and providers of cell phone service are heavily targeting teenagers. Wildseed has determined that teenagers have three cell phone concerns including visual appeal, functionality, and price. Wildseed has determined that teenagers have three cell phone concerns including visual appeal, functionality, and price. Are cell phones a technology of convenience or necessity? Are cell phones a technology of convenience or necessity?

40. 9-40 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Closing Case Study Two Stadiums of the Future Stadiums of the future will have many technology-based activities from ordering and paying for food and beverages at your seat to sending messages to other people in the stadium. Stadiums of the future will have many technology-based activities from ordering and paying for food and beverages at your seat to sending messages to other people in the stadium. Can you think of any other industries that are implementing technology-based activities? Can you think of any other industries that are implementing technology-based activities?

41. 9-41 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Summary Student Learning Outcomes 1. Describe why information filtering is becoming important and list and define the two trends that will support information filtering. 2. Describe the movement toward intellectual computing including automatic speech understanding and the role of people in decision making. 3. Define biometrics, automatic speech recognition, virtual reality, and CAVEs as they relate to changes in physiological interaction.

42. 9-42 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Summary Student Learning Outcomes 4. Describe the various technology innovations and trends that will increase portability and mobility. 5. Discuss the challenges of and technological innovations for the coming digital frontier. 6. Describe the broadening of e-government and the coming C2C explosion as they relate to the rebirth of e-commerce.

43. 9-43 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Summary Assignments & Exercises 1. Researching wearable computers 2. Information supplier convergence in your area 3. Finding a good automatic speech recognition system 4. Understanding the relationships between trends and technological innovations 5. Making a phone call on the internet

44. 9-44 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Summary Assignments & Exercises 6. Learning about financial cybermediaries 7. Researching intelligent home appliances 8. Researching e-government services

45. 9-45 Management Information Systems for the Information Age Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Visit the Web to Learn More www.mhhe.com/haag MBA programs MBA programs Specialized MBA programs Specialized MBA programs Graduate school information and tips Graduate school information and tips Tele-Education (distance learning) Tele-Education (distance learning) Speech recognition Speech recognition