1. Chapter 10 Foreign Policy and Internationalism
Social Studies 20-2
Chapter 10
Foreign Policy and Internationalism

2. Key Terms
Gross National Income
Tied Aid

3. Chapter Issue Volunteer to read the opening paragraph page 223
Respond to the bulleted questions

4. Setting Foreign Policy
Read page 224
Foreign policy decisions mimic community decisions- electing a leader, setting goals, obeying laws and interactions within the community
Decisions on whether to enter bilateral or multi-lateral agreements and treaties, to work out ways to settle disputes with other nation-states are examples of foreign policy decisions
These decisions are developed by politicians, diplomats, and experts in foreign relations

5. Influences on Foreign Policy Decisions
These decisions in military dictatorships are easy because the leader makes all the decisions and does not consult with the people of the country
In democracies, setting foreign policies is more complicated because these decisions must reflect the beliefs, values, and goals of its countries citizens
Of the chart of influences to Canada’s foreign policy page 225, which groups(s) do you think have the most influence?

6. Foreign Policy Goals Must reflect the values of Canadians
Enable Canada to develop a blueprint for the future, then act on it

7. Foreign Policy in a Globalizing World
Read page 226
Globalization has changed international politics
Multi-national corporations, as well as international business, labour and humanitarian organizations have become more important that the role of countries
Canada’s foreign affairs are dealt with by the Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada department- now a combined cabinet.
What does that combination reflect in the world?
How might joining these two departments affect Canada’s approach to international trade and foreign policy?

8. How can Nation-States Promote Internationalism Through Foreign Policy?
International Laws and Agreements
Signing agreements to meet common elements
Peacekeeping
Maintaining peace around the world
Foreign Aid
Money to support of developing nations

9. Promoting Peace Read page 228
Two major foreign policy tools that nation-states use to achieve this goal are:
Incentives – offering international relations, provided certain conditions are met- Read the FYI page 228
Sanctions – cutting off relations, such as trade, with a state until hostile behaviour stops- Example USA 50 year trade embargo with Cuba

10. Comparing Foreign Policy Strategies
Use pages to complete handout “comparing foreign policy strategies”
Give an example of the foreign policy strategy, how does using that strategy benefit a country’s national interest? How does it promote Internationalism?- the belief that all members of the global community accept the collective responsibility for the challenges that face the world

11. Peacekeeping and Internationalism
After World War Two – the world created the United Nation and needed an effective way to maintain international peace and security – formed the Security Council which has the authority to investigate and monitor potential crises
Security Council can use various strategies to negotiate solutions:
Sanctions or in some cases launch military action
Peacekeeping is the security council’s key military strategy
All UN members must make some armed forces available for peace keeping missions but every nation has the right to determine which mission to partake in

12. Being a Peacekeeper
Only go in when fighting has stopped-to monitor a ceasefire
Protect humanitarian workers
Troops must follow these guidelines:
Consent – respect the country they are in
Impartiality – must not take sides
Self-defence – may use force only to defend themselves

13. International Law and Agreements
UN International Court of Justice ( World Court ) – interprets laws and tries to settle disputes between countries peacefully, because often foreign policies may conflict.

14. International Law of the Sea
Rules for the high seas – parts of the ocean that lie beyond the territorial waters of any country ( outside 22 km )
Countries have the sole right to control fishing, mining and the environment in an area up to 370 km from their coast

15. Foreign Aid and Internationalism
0.7 percent solution
Countries spend 0.7% of their gross national income on foreign aid ( total value of goods and services produced by a country in a year)
Not everyone complies with this number
Some countries believe the money could be used better elsewhere

16. Criticism of Foreign Aid Policies
Please read page 235
Competing Motives
Countries may use money to prop up a weak government in order to protect their interests
Tied Aid
Aid with strings attached
Lack of consultation
Aid not appropriate for the culture of the country
Complex Delivery Systems
Too many hands in the pot – confusion
Bureaucracy
To many layers of government delays the people who need the aid – getting it
Corruption
Officials in receiving countries sometimes seize money and supplies instead of distributing
Brain Drain- working for the aid agencies instead of starting their own business’s

17. Perspectives on Foreign Aid
Please read page 236
Identify the concerns expressed by each speaker or writer

18. Canadian Foreign Policy
Please read page 237,
Canada has to choose its foreign policies wisely. DO they reflect internationalism or do they reflect nationalism?

19. Land mines and foreign Policy
Banning Land mines
How is banning land mines an example of foreign policy?

20. Ottawa Treaty
In 1997 Lloyd Axworthy (Canadian foreign affairs minister) took action.
He organized an international meeting to ban the use of landmines and remove existing ones.
By mid countries had signed the treaty.
How does Canada’s leadership on the issue of landmines show its commitment to internationalism?

21. Chapter 10 quiz
Tomorrow!