1. The role of waste management and energy from waste in a circular economy- SITA UK’s proposed Severnside development Sept 2009 Stuart Hayward-Higham

2. SITA UK I 2 Copyright SITA UK Ltd SITA UK 29/08/2015 I - SITA UK is a recycling and resource management company - We serve over 12 million customers, and - Over 30,000 businesses. - Handle nearly 11 million tonnes of material - Of which in excess of 3 million tonnes are recycled - Over 1 million tonnes is used for energy production - We produce in excess of 1 million MWhrs of electricity - Produce around 3% of all the green electricity in the UK - Employ over 6000 employees across the country

3. SITA UK I 3 Copyright SITA UK Ltd 29/08/2015 I SITA UK’s vision We want to live in a society where there is no more waste In the future there will be no more waste as materials will be viewed as products or raw materials

4. SITA UK I 4 Copyright SITA UK Ltd Large / small What is waste management ? 29/08/2015 I CUSTOMER COLLECTION WASTE C&I C&D Mono MSW Mono HW C&I RECYCLING TREATMENT èWASTE STREAM MANAGEMENT èTRADING IN PRODUCTS AND ENERGY QUALITYSELECTIVITY Creating value Secondary Resources Market CLIENTS Industrial Commercial HW Med C & D, Soil Reducing Costs RESOURCE MANAGEMENT SWITCHBOARD Local Authorities TRADING SEPARATION

5. SITA UK I 5 Copyright SITA UK Ltd 01/06/2009 I A plethora of potential solutions

6. SITA UK I 6 Copyright SITA UK Ltd What is a circular economy

7. SITA UK I 7 Copyright SITA UK Ltd Solution preferences 29/08/2015 I

8. SITA UK I 8 Copyright SITA UK Ltd Why change the existing solutions ? 29/08/2015 I - Capacity - Existing landfill capacity is reducing and replacements are insufficient. - Cost - Landfill tax, transport costs ( as existing landfill solutions become more scarce ), carbon etc all raise the cost of existing solutions and drive waste into the minimisation, recycling and recovery solutions - Sustainability - There are better ways of treating most waste than by landfill, however the replacement capacity is needed in a time period and scale to ensure that those who need waste management services are viably service options.

9. SITA UK I 9 Copyright SITA UK Ltd Prevention, minimisation & re-use 29/08/2015 I - Prevention - best of all and completely customer driven and controlled - Minimisation - Through education, buying patterns and efficient use. Very customer driven but advice available. - Re-Use - Encouraged through bring back or re sale – again customer driven but advice and end markets are available.

10. SITA UK I 10 Copyright SITA UK Ltd Role of recycling 29/08/2015 I Recycling one tonne of … Saves ……. And compared with manufacture from raw materials, avoids emissions of… NewsprintThe felling of 12 trees1.3 – 1.7 tonnes of CO2 equivalents Office paperThe felling of 24 trees1.3 – 1.7 tonnes of CO2 equivalents Aluminium5 tonnes of bauxite5 – 12 tonnes of CO2 equivalents Steel1.5 tonnes of iron ore1.0 – 1.3 tonnes of CO2 equivalents Copper10 t of copper ore13 – 20 tonnes of CO2 equivalents Glass1.2 t of raw materials0.6 tonnes of CO2 equivalents Plastics2,000 kg of oil1.7 – 4.7 tonnes of CO2 equivalents Biowaste as compost 200 kilogrammes of peat

11. SITA UK I 11 Copyright SITA UK Ltd Recycling 29/08/2015 I - Collection - Separate at source is best, separate later is possible. - Sorting - From simple magnets and consolidation though to complex sorting, separation and refinement - End market - Sent to reprocessors to be made into new cans, bottles etc

12. SITA UK I 12 Copyright SITA UK Ltd Sept 09 0% 80% 20% 60% Paper Glass Aluminium Plastics and Iron Energy saved when products are made from recycled materials 40% 100% Recycling’s contribution to sustainability

13. SITA UK I 13 Copyright SITA UK Ltd But…… 29/08/2015 I - Not all waste can be avoided or recycled which leaves us with extracting energy or landfill. - Our preference is to extract the energy. - To produce electricity, gas or heat and use it in the most efficient manner. - Location of plants is essential to marry with the markets or waste arising and potential energy and heat users. - We recover some of the energy from the organic landfill wastes but not as efficiently nor as completely than by energy from waste.

14. SITA UK I 14 Copyright SITA UK Ltd Energy from Waste ? 29/08/2015 I - Why make energy ? - With the potential national supply issues over the next 20 years and instability in international markets, the recovery of energy from waste has the opportunity to make a significant contribution to national need. - Recovering energy from waste is a sustainable solution for the treatment of the residual fraction of the waste left over after recycling/composting/pre- treatment. From Oakdene Hollins report 2005

15. SITA UK I 15 Copyright SITA UK Ltd Energy from Waste methods 29/08/2015 I - Combustion to create steam and then electricity. - Gasification/pyrolysis (Gasification is proposed by the Cyclamax development) which converts the waste to a gas and then combusts the gas to make electricity. - Anaerobic digestion – biological conversion of the organic fraction of waste to a methane gas and then combustion to make electricity or the gas (after clean up) for vehicle fuel.

16. SITA UK I 16 Copyright SITA UK Ltd What does an EfW (incinerator) look like inside? 29/08/2015 I

17. SITA UK I 17 Copyright SITA UK Ltd Inside – Moving grate combustion zone 29/08/2015 I

18. SITA UK I 18 Copyright SITA UK Ltd Outside look 29/08/2015 I Small Large

19. SITA UK I 19 Copyright SITA UK Ltd Severnside Proposal 29/08/2015 I - 400ktpa facility - From a market in excess of 1.1M tonnes per annum (tpa) - Energy - Sufficient for around 50,000 homes - 32 MW of electrical output - Location - Good location for treating local waste - Delivery possible through road and rail - Near potential users of the heat from the plant - Community - 200 jobs through the construction phase - 50 jobs in the plant

20. SITA UK I 20 Copyright SITA UK Ltd Site location 29/08/2015 I

21. SITA UK I 21 Copyright SITA UK Ltd Location efficiency & Local embedment 29/08/2015 I - Transport – good road and rail access - Local waste – helping divert some local waste from landfill to more productive use - Local energy – using local fuel ( i.e. local waste) to make energy locally - Local benefit – managing local waste with local facilities and employment

22. SITA UK I 22 Copyright SITA UK Ltd What role does EFW have in a circular economy ? 29/08/2015 I An essential one because not all waste can be re-used or recycled It’s an essential way of recovering the remaining embedded benefits of residual waste

23. SITA UK I 23 Copyright SITA UK Ltd 29/08/2015 I Thank you Stuart Hayward-Higham Technical Director SITA UK Ltd Stuart.hayward-higham@sita.co.uk +44 7970 233747