1. Cardiovascular System Part 2: Heart Anatomy, Circulation, & ECG
Label a heart diagram with the 4 chambers, 4 valves, and 4 major blood vessels.
Draw the direction of blood flow through the heart.
Label the nodes and Purkinje fibers on a heart diagram
Label the wave parts on an ECG.
Evaluate an ECG for arrhythmias and identify the cause
Explain how blood pressure is produced
Cardiovascular System Part 2: Heart Anatomy, Circulation, & ECG
Goals:
15.1
Cardiovascular system
Heart
Pulmonary circuit
Pulmonary arteries
Pulmonary veins
Systemic circuit
Aorta
Vena Cava
15.2
Pericardium
Myocardium
Atria (singular: atrium)
Ventricles
Valves
Semilunar Valves
Aortic
Pulmonary
Atrioventricular Valves
Tricuspid
Bicuspid
Coronary artery
15.3
Cardiac cycle
Systole
Diastole
Lubb
Dupp
Pacemaker cells
Sinoatrial (SA) node
Atrioventricular (AV) node
Purkinje fibers
15.3 (continued)
Electrocardiogram (ECG)
Depolarization
Repolarization
P-wave
QRS Complex
T-wave
15.1 Clinical Application
Arrhythmia
Bradycardia
Tachycardia
Fibrillation

2. Heart Anatomy

3. Heart Anatomy Myocardium= cardiac muscle tissue
Pericardium= tough fibrous sac around the heart

4. Heart Anatomy Heart 4 chambers Left side separate from right side
2 atria
Blood storage
2 ventricles
1 low-pressure pump
Goes to pulmonary circuit
1 high-pressure pump
Goes to systemic circuit
Left side separate from right side

5. Heart
Right Atrium
Left Atrium
Right Ventricle
Left Ventricle

6. Heart Anatomy

7. Heart Anatomy

8. Heart Anatomy Coronary Arteries:
Supply blood to the tissues of the heart

9. Circulation Blood circulates in 2 loops
Pulmonary circuit
To/from lungs
Systemic circuit
To/from other tissues
Each side of the heart controls flow to either circuit
The heart pumps 7,000 liters of blood through the body each day
The heart contracts 2.5 billion times in an average lifetime

10. Circulation *know the order & draw it Pulmonary Circuit:
R. atrium
R. ventricle
Pulmonary arteries
Lung capillaries
Pulmonary veins
Systemic Circuit:
L. atrium
L. ventricle
Aorta
Systemic arteries
Organ & tissue capillaries
Systemic veins
Vena cavas
Bonus Video: (3.5min)

11. Cardiac Cycle
Cardiac Cycle = 1 heartbeat; 1 contraction & 1 relaxation
Systole=
Ventricle contraction
Diastole=
Ventricle relaxation
Changes in blood pressure opens/closes valves
“Lubb-Dupp” sound produced by the closing of AV and semilunar valves respectively.

12. Cardiac Cycle
Please note that due to differing operating systems, some animations will not appear until the presentation is viewed in Presentation Mode (Slide Show view). You may see blank slides in the “Normal” or “Slide Sorter” views. All animations will appear after viewing in Presentation Mode and playing each animation. Most animations will require the latest version of the Flash Player, which is available at 12

13. Conduction System Pacemaker cells=
Spontaneously produce action potentials
Intercalated discs spread depolarization

14. Conduction System Pacemakers: Sinoatrial (SA) node:
initiates atrial contraction
Sends signal from location in the R. atrium through the left atrium
Atrioventricular (AV) node:
Located in the center
The AV node sends the signal down the purkinje fibers
Ventricles contract

15. Animation: Conducting System of the Heart
Please note that due to differing operating systems, some animations will not appear until the presentation is viewed in Presentation Mode (Slide Show view). You may see blank slides in the “Normal” or “Slide Sorter” views. All animations will appear after viewing in Presentation Mode and playing each animation. Most animations will require the latest version of the Flash Player, which is available at 15 15

16. Conduction System

17. ECG (aka EKG) Electrocardiogram
Evaluates electrical events in the heart
Reads a potential difference between electrodes on the skin
Measures change in ECF currents, not in individual cells

18. ECG (aka EKG) P-wave= atrial depolarization
QRS-complex= ventricular depolarization (w/atrial repolarization)
T-wave= ventricular repolarization

19. ECG

20. ECG (aka EKG) Arrhythmia= Irregular heart rhythms Pacemakers irregular
Detectable by EKGs
Ex)
Bradychardia – fewer beats/min than average
Tachychardia – many more beats/min than average
Ventricular fibrillation – haphazard contractions

21. ECG (aka EKG) More arrythmias: http://www. rnceus. com/course_frame
Atrial Fibrillation:

22. Blood Pressure
Blood pressure= pressure exerted by the blood against the vessel walls
Normal = 120/80
120: systolic pressure; highest pressure
80: diastolic pressure; lowest pressure

23. Blood Pressure