1. HEART PHYSIOLOGY & CONDUCTION SYSTEM
Ana Ribić
Mentor: A. Žmegač Horvat

2. PHYSIOLOGY

4. phase 1 - A-V Valves Open, Semilunar Valves Closed
p wave of ECG
atrial depolarization → atrial contraction → pressure increases → pressure gradient across the AV valves
blood flow across the open atrioventricular (AV) valves
"a-wave"
ventricular end-diastolic volume (EDV)
ventricular preload

5. phase 2 - All Valves Closed
QRS complex → ventricular depolarization
first heart sound (S1)
ventricular pressure rises - "isovolumetric" contraction

6. phase 3 - Aortic and Pulmonic Valves Open; AV Valves Remain Closed
initial and rapid ejection of blood into the aorta and pulmonary arteries from the left and right ventricles
total energy of blood
ventricular maximal outflow pressure
blood continues to flow into atria

7. phase 4 - Aortic and Pulmonic Valves Open; AV Valves Remain Closed
after the QRS
ventricular repolarization
T-wave
ventricular pressure falls slightly
left atrial and right atrial pressures gradually rise

8. phase 5 - All Valves Closed
aortic and pulmonic valves abruptly close
second heart sound (S2)
isovolumetric relaxation
dicrotic wave
end-systolic volume
LAP continues to rise
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9. phase 6 - A-V Valves Open
intraventricular pressures fall below their respective atrial pressures
ventricular filling
third heart sound (S3)

10. phase 7 - A-V Valves Open
ventricles continue to fill with blood and expand → intraventricular pressures rise
aortic pressure and pulmonary arterial pressures continue to fall

11. CONDUCTION SYSTEM
1. Sinoatrial node (SA node) -sends the electrical impulse that triggers each heartbeat - upper area of the right atrium 2. Atrioventricular node (AV node) - sends an impulse through the nerve network to the ventricles 3. Common AV bundle 4. Right & left bundle branches - nerve fibers that send impulses that cause the cardiac muscle tissue to contract

12. ELECTROCARDIOGRAM e-lek-tro-KAR-de-o-gram - EKG/ECG
painless test that records the heart's electrical activity
signal causes the heart to contract and pump blood and creates an electrical current that can be seen on a graph called an electrocardiogram
signal causes the heartbeat
each heartbeat has two basic parts: diastole and atrial and ventricular systole

15. ST segment - time at which the ventricle is depolarized and corresponds to the plateau phase of the ventricular action potential
T wave - represents ventricular repolarization and is longer in duration than depolarization
Q-T interval - represents the time of both ventricular depolarization and repolarization
P wave - represents the wave of depolarization that spreads from the SA node throughout the atria
P-R interval -represents the time between the onset of atrial depolarization and the onset of ventricular depolarization
QRS complex - ventricular depolarization

16. An EKG shows:
how fast your heart is beating
whether the rhythm of your heartbeat is steady or irregular
the strength and timing of electrical signals as they pass through each part of your heart
This test is used to detect and evaluate many heart problems, such as heart attack, arrhythmia and heart failure

17. http://video. google. co m/videoplay
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18.
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