1. Human Populations
APES
Chapter 6

2. Activity: Reading assignment, section 1 ch 6 due Monday
Posted on Web-page

3. Rap Session: Discuss Human Populations…
Increase, decrease????
Where???
Pros associated with this phenomenon…….
Problems associated with this phenomenon….

4. Poster in China, 1980’s

5. Lets Look At China What do you know?
Prior to 1970’s, China encouraged population growth
By 1970, resources were being depleted too fast
Govt. instituted program
Families were encouraged to have no more than 1 child
Marry later in life
Birth control and abortions were easily accessible
By 1975, the # dropped from 2.8% to 1.8%
By 1979, reward and punishment system in place
Social rewards for maintaining the 1 child status
Social scorn and ridicule for others w/more than 1
Consequences:
.06% growth rate
Murder of baby girls
Unbalanced sex ratio

6. Human Population Growth
7 billion!!
Most growth is in poor, developing nations
Not equipped to handle it
Population has doubled since 1967 world wide
~80 million people per year (2.5 every second)

8. Video
Video on Demand - The Habitable Planet: A Systems Approach to Environmental Science - Human Population Dynamics
How will the world population change in the future?

9. If you don’t stand for something, you will fall for anything!!!
Activity:
Where do you stand????
If you don’t stand for something, you will fall for anything!!!

10. Monday: Section 1 readings

11. Rule of Thumb Estimate doubling times as follows:
70/ the annual percentage growth rate
Example:
70/2.1 = 33.3
In 33 years, a population with an AGR of 2.1 will double in 33 yrs!
Is this a bad thing?
Pros to population increase
Warfare
Economic reasons
Cons to population increase
Depletion on resources

12. Is our Population Growth really a Problem?
Ch 6 Continued
Section 2 readings due Wednesday

13. Why has it Increased? Advances in: Technology Green revolution
Medical care
Improved sanitation
Etc.
D:\Chapter_06\C_Animation_and_Video_Files\Animations\human_pop_growth\human_pop_growth_START.html

14. What about our Quality of Life?
Increased numbers of people will put a strain on resources, taking away from future generations
We just borrow our planet from our children
Stresses on social systems
Less space in which to live
Less food to eat
Less material wealth

15. IPAT Model:
Model proposed in 74 to show how factors affect environments
IPAT I = P X A X T
I = Impact
P = Population
A = Affluence
T = Technology
The way in which our total impact on the environment results from the interaction among population, affluence, and technology

16. IPAT
Population: Increased #’s mean more people, less space, more natural resource use, more waste.
Affluence: Affluent societies have more stuff- greater per capita resource consumption
Technology: Enhances our ability to exploit minerals, fossil fuels, oceans, etc. but can also reduce smokehouse emissions, harness renewable energy, etc.

17. Look @ China More people = more need for resources
People are becoming more affluent
More wealth = more need for resources, more waste, etc.
More agriculture: less land- soils are depleted
Dust bowl
Rivers are drained
Etc.
Example: Shark Fin Soup

18. Demography The study of human populations
HUMANS ARE SUBJECT TO THE SAME RULES OF THE JUNGLE AS EVERYONE ELSE!!!!
We have SO FAR been able to raise our carrying capacity with our technological advances, but there is a limit

19. Population size Does the number of people tell the whole story? No.
Human Impact depends on many factors

20. Many ways to look @ populations
Age structure
Sex Ratio
Normally, 106 males for every 100 females
China in 2022: 120 males to 100 females

21. Demographic Transition
Model of economic and cultural change to explain falling death and birth rates in Western nations.
Stable pre-industrialized state of high death and birth rates to a Stable post-industrialized state of low death and birth rates.
What is the cause?
Thought to be temporary

23. Activity:
Section 2 readings due tomorrow!!!

24. Activity: Section 2 Empowering women Wealth and affluence
The haves and the have nots
Poverty and population growth go hand in hand. Why?
Conclusions??????

25. The world has achieved equality in primary education between girls and boys, but only 2 out of 130 countries have achieved that target at all levels of education.
Globally, 40 out of every 100 wage-earning jobs in the non-agricultural sector were held by women in This is a significant improvement since 1990.
In many countries, gender inequality persists and women continue to face discrimination in access to education, work and economic assets, and participation in government. For example, in every developing region, women tend to hold less secure jobs than men, with fewer social benefits.
Violence against women continues to undermine efforts to reach all goals.
Poverty is a major barrier to secondary education, especially among older girls.
Women are largely relegated to more vulnerable forms of employment.

26. Major areas of concern:
Reproductive health
From prevention to child-bearing and rearing
Stewardship of natural resources
Most women on charge of securing water, food, fuel
Economic empowerment
More women than men live in poverty
Educational empowerment
2/3rds of women worldwide are illiterate
Political empowerment
Many social and legal institutions still do not guarantee women basic fundamental rights
Empowerment throughout lifecycle
Women face different different stages of life

27. Population and Society
Empowering women changed the world ;)
Contraceptives
Education
Contraceptive use
20 African nations are less than 10%
China is at 86%
Worldwide is 54%

28. Not just China
India was the 1st nation to implement population control policies
1970 they introduced forced sterilization!!
Government fell as a result
Now it is trying to implement a 2 child per household policy
Will overtake China’s population by 2030
Thailand: education and family planning

29. Poverty and Population Growth
HUGE correlation!!
Poor nations have
Higher fertility rates
Higher birth rates
Higher infant mortality rates
Lower contraceptive use
These trends affect distributions of people
1960: 70% lived in developing nations
2007: 82% lived in these areas
99% of the next billion will live here!!!!!

30. Activity:
Write a short summary of how wealth and affluence are adding to the problem
Lab: “The power of doubling” tomorrow

31. QUESTION: Review
What has accounted for the majority of the world’s population growth in recent years?
a) More women are having more babies.
b) Death rates have dropped due to technology, medicine, and food.
c) Fewer women are using contraceptives.
d) More people are dying worldwide.
e) Nothing. The population has dropped in recent years.
Answer: b

32. QUESTION: Review
According to the I = P x A x T formula, what would happen if the U.S., with its consumptive lifestyle, increased its population to 1 billion people?
a) The population would automatically drop.
b The population would automatically increase.
c) The impact on the environment would increase.
D)The impact on the environment would decrease.
e) The impact on the environment would even out.
Answer: c

33. QUESTION: Review
How have humans been able to raise the environment’s carrying capacity for our species?
a) Through technology
b) By eliminating limiting factors
c) Through increased consumption
d) Spending more money on non-essential resources
e) By formulating population policy guidelines
Answer: a

34. QUESTION: Review
Areas that lack significant numbers of people and have a low population density are:
a) No longer available
b) Best able to support higher densities of people
c) Sensitive areas least able to support high densities of people
d) Located around tropical and grassland areas
e) Located around coastal areas and rivers
Answer: c

35. QUESTION: Review What will keep a population size stable?
a) When TFR > replacement fertility
b) When TFR < replacement fertility
c) When TFR = replacement fertility
d) When more people are born
e) When fertility rates increase
Answer: c

36. QUESTION: Review
Describe the relationship between growth rates and population size.
a) Falling growth rates automatically mean a smaller population.
b) Falling growth rates automatically mean a larger population.
c) Falling growth rates mean we no longer have a population problem.
d) Falling growth rates does not mean a smaller population, but that rates of increase are slowing.
e) Falling growth rates mean that the human population is in danger of extinction.
Answer: d

37. QUESTION: Review
Which of the following will NOT result in lower population growth rates?
a) Empowering women
b) Delayed marriage for women
c) Educating women
d) Providing access to contraceptives
e) All of these result in lower population growth rates.
Answer: e

38. QUESTION: Weighing the Issues
In 2001, the Bush administration withheld funds for international family planning. Should the U.S. fund family planning?
a) Yes, absolutely.
b) Yes, but only in nations that follow U.S.-approved programs.
c) Only if it can influence the nation’s policies.
d) Never under any circumstances. It’s not our job.
e) No, we are too broke to help other nations.
Answer: any

39. QUESTION: Weighing the Issues
A fear of fewer workers and a weakened economy has led many policymakers in developed countries to offer incentives to women to have more children.
a) This is good, since children strengthen society.
b) This is good, since developed nations can afford larger populations.
c) This is not good. Developed nations can increase immigration to increase workers.
d) This is not a good idea. Leaders must find other solutions
e) I don’t care, since I plan on living in the U.S. anyway.
Answer: any

40. QUESTION: Weighing the Issues
Would you rather live in a country with a larger population or smaller population?
a) Small population, so there will be more resources for me
b) Small population, so there will be more resources for others, including wildlife
c) Large population, so I can find a date
d) Large population, because people are our biggest resource
Answer: any

41. QUESTION: Interpreting Graphs
What happens during the “transitional” stage of the demographic transition?
High birth and death rates cause population increases
High birth and death rates, but population is stable
High birth rates with low death rates cause population to increase
Low birth and death rates cause the population to decrease
e) Population stabilized due to government incentives
Answer: c

42. QUESTION: Interpreting Graphs and Data
According to this age pyramid, Madagascar’s future population will be:
a) Balanced
b) Larger
c) Much larger
Smaller
Much smaller
Answer: c