1. ENTREPRENEURS IN A MARKET ECONOMY
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ENTREPRENEURS IN A MARKET ECONOMY
3.1 What is an Economy
3.2 The Concept of Cost
3.3 Government in a Market Economy
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2. Lesson 3.1 What is an Economy?
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Lesson 3.1 What is an Economy?
GOALS
Describe market and command economies.
Define the concept of supply and demand.
Describe the functions of business in a market economy.
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3. What is Economy? Different countries have different economic systems.
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What is Economy?
Different countries have different economic systems.
These different systems affect how an item is produced, how it is distributed, and the demand for the item.
An economic system even determines whether an item is available at all.
You must always consider market structure, including supply, demand, and price, when starting a business in order to succeed.
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4. Market and Command Economies
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Market and Command Economies
All economies produce goods and services.
Goods are products, such as television sets, compact discs, or greeting cards.
Service businesses include them parks, restaurants, and repair shops.
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SCARCTIY
In every economy, there are limited resources to produce goods and services. However, individuals have unlimited needs and wants.
Scarcity is the basic economic problem that individuals have unlimited needs and wants but there are limited resources.
The differences between economic systems is the way the economy chooses to allocate the goods and services available to the people who need or want them.
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6. COMMAND ECONOMY Command Economy Market Economy
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COMMAND ECONOMY
Command Economy
The government determines what, how and for whom products and services are produced. (There is little choice in goods and services)
Market Economy
Individuals decide what, how, and for whom goods and services are produced.
There are many items available and that goods remain on the market only as long as individuals buy them.
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7. COMMAND ECONOMY Productivity
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COMMAND ECONOMY
Productivity
The level of output that an industry or company gets from each worker or each unit of input into its products and services.
Consumers benefit from competition between companies because they will get better products at cheaper prices.
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SUPPLY AND DEMAND
If a market is based on personal choice, why does there always seem to be just enough of everything?
In a market economy, individual consumers make decisions about what to buy, and businesses make decisions about what to produce.
Consumers are motivated to buy goods and services that they need or want.
Business owners are driven by the desire to earn profits.
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SUPPLY AND DEMAND
To understand how this works, you need to understand two important forces:
Supply – is how much of a good or service a producer is willing to produce at different prices.
Supply Curve – suppliers are willing to supply more of a product or service at a higher price.
Demand – is an individual’s need or desire for a product or service at a given price.
Demand Curve – individuals are willing to consume more of a product or service at a lower price.
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10. When Supply and Demand Meet
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When Supply and Demand Meet
How do the forces of supply and demand work together to determine price in a market economy?
The point at which the supply and demand curves meet is what is known as the equilibrium price and quantity. This is the price at which supply equals demand.
Supply and demand curves – the point at which the supply and demand curves intersect indicates the equilibrium price and quantity.
Consumers are willing to buy more of a good or service at lower prices.
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11. Market Structure and Prices
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Market Structure and Prices
In a competitive market, many suppliers compete for business and buyers shop around for the best deal they can find.
In this kind of market, prices are said to be determined competitively.
Not all markets are fully competitive.
In some sectors of the economy, there is little or no competition.
AMTRAK is the only train line serving certain routes in the United States.
When a company controls all of the market, it has a monopoly. The company is able to charge more than a company that has to compete with other companies.
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12. Business Activities in a market Economy
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Business Activities in a market Economy
In a market economy, a business is free to produce and offer to consumers any legal product or service.
A knowledge of business activities will help entrepreneurs satisfy customers and make a profit. These activities or functions of business include the following:
Production – function creates or obtains products or services for sale.
Marketing – to attract as many customers as possible so that the product succeeds in the market place. Marketing Mix include: Product, Distribution, Price and Promotion.
Management – great deal of time to be spent developing, implementing, and evaluating plans and activities. Setting goals, determining how goals can be met, and how to respond to the actions of competitors.
Finance – plans and manages financial records and information related to businesses’ finances.
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13. Lesson 3.2 The Concept of Cost
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Lesson 3.2 The Concept of Cost
Identify various types of costs.
Discover how different types of costs affect the prices entrepreneurs charge.
GOALS
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The Concept of Cost
To determine how much profit they are earning, entrepreneurs need to know how much it costs to produce their goods or services.
To do so they must consider all the resources that go into producing the good or service to determine a price to charge.
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15. Fixed and Variable Costs
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Fixed and Variable Costs
Fixed Costs
Costs that must be paid regardless of how much of a good or service is produced. Fixed costs are also called sunk costs. (a business with many fixed costs is a higher risk because the costs must be paid even when there are no sales)
Examples
Monthly Rent
Insurance Fees
Interest on the loans
Variable Costs
Costs that go up and down depending on the quantity of the good or service produced.
Examples:
Supplies
Utilities
Employees (if not salaried)
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16. Marginal Benefit and Marginal Cost
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Marginal Benefit and Marginal Cost
Entrepreneurs make business decisions based on the concepts of marginal benefit and marginal cost.
Marginal benefit
Measures the advantages of producing one additional unit of a good or service. (keeping the store open an extra two hours is the additional unit).
Marginal cost
Measures the disadvantages of producing one additional unit of a good or service. ($100 sold in those two hours is the marginal benefit).
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Opportunity Cost
Another type of cost you should think about is opportunity cost.
Opportunity cost
Is the cost of choosing one opportunity or investment over another.
Example:
You want to start your own business. But you have been offered a job that pays $28,000 a year. In addition to the salary, you will receive two weeks’ paid vacation, and your company will pay your medical insurance. If you add in these benefits, which you estimate are worth $3,000 a year, the total of $31,000 represents the opportunity cost of starting your own business. It is the amount you could have earned by choosing a different path.
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18. Lesson 3.3 Government In A Market Economy
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Lesson 3.3 Government In A Market Economy
GOALS
Explain the government’s effect on what is produced.
Recognize the different roles the government plays in a market economy.
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19. Government’s Effect on What is Produced
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Government’s Effect on What is Produced
Although producers and consumers make decisions about production and consumption in a market economy, the government is also often involved.
The government affects production in three ways:
Purchases
Taxes
Subsidies
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20. Government’s Effect on What is Produced
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Government’s Effect on What is Produced
PURCHASES
The government purchases huge amounts as a consumer and is the dominant consumer in some industries, such as aerospace, and therefore affects supply and demand.
TAXES
The government taxes some goods and services, which sometimes raises prices enough to reduce demand and producers’ revenues.
SUBSIDIES
The government subsidies support supply and demand in some industries and may benefit businesses in those areas.
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21. The Government as a Regulator
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The Government as a Regulator
In a market economy the government plays different roles. The government may serve as a regulator, as a provider of public good, as a provider of social programs, and as a re-distributor of income.
Inspection – To protect consumers, the government regulates certain businesses.
Licenses – The government also regulates by requiring some businesses to obtain licenses. (examples: barbers, beauticians)
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22. The Government as a Provider of Public Good
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The Government as a Provider of Public Good
Public Good
Is a good from which everyone receives benefits, not just the individual consuming the good.
Vaccinations against communicable diseases
The country’s armed forces
Many entrepreneurs benefit from the fact that the government provides public goods.
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23. The Government as a provider of Social Programs
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The Government as a provider of Social Programs
The government provides a number of social programs for people.
Social Security
Welfare
Medical Research
Aid for dependent children
The government further affects the economy by redistributing income.
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24. Assignment Page 73 – 75 Vocabulary Builder Review your knowledge
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Assignment
Page 73 – 75
Vocabulary Builder
#1-12 – Write the word and the definition
Review your knowledge
#13-22 – Answer in complete sentences. If these are not answered in complete sentences you will receive no credit.
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