1. S OUTHERN C ALIFORNIA E ARTHQUAKE C ENTER Themes by Tom Henyey

2. S OUTHERN C ALIFORNIA E ARTHQUAKE C ENTER “Shared Minds” by Michael Schrage

3. S OUTHERN C ALIFORNIA E ARTHQUAKE C ENTER Multidisciplinary Interaction = Collaboration Collaboration is one of the most productive and important of all human relationships.

4. S OUTHERN C ALIFORNIA E ARTHQUAKE C ENTER Real Science - the science that matters, the science that changes our views of reality - is an elaborate and inherently collaborative process.

5. S OUTHERN C ALIFORNIA E ARTHQUAKE C ENTER In collaboration you try to get a communal mind going; you want to get people’s minds to interact as components of a larger mind. You get a communal brain. What matters are not just the individual talents. But the ability to integrate them. Collaboration is the process of shared creation.

6. S OUTHERN C ALIFORNIA E ARTHQUAKE C ENTER Creating a shared understanding is simply a different task than exchanging information.

7. S OUTHERN C ALIFORNIA E ARTHQUAKE C ENTER Collaboration is not the sum of individual actions; rather collaboration must be greater than the sum of the individual parts.

8. S OUTHERN C ALIFORNIA E ARTHQUAKE C ENTER SCEC'S Master Theme The whole (Center) is greater than the sum of the individual parts (Investigators).

9. S OUTHERN C ALIFORNIA E ARTHQUAKE C ENTER If we now return to Schrage's thesis that collaboration must be greater than the sum of the individual parts, then: Center = Collaboration And thus one measure of our success as a center is to look for evidence of collaboration.

10. S OUTHERN C ALIFORNIA E ARTHQUAKE C ENTER Evidence for Collaboration: (Collaboration Themes) – Common Goal – Master Model

11. S OUTHERN C ALIFORNIA E ARTHQUAKE C ENTER

12. Evidence for Collaboration: – Interactive Opportunities – Opportunities for Communication Working groups Workshops Symposia Field campaigns Annual meeting

13. S OUTHERN C ALIFORNIA E ARTHQUAKE C ENTER Evidence for Collaboration: – Integration – Phase I, II, and III reports Earthquake ground motion scenarios Los Angeles basin velocity model Southern California Integrated GPS network Workshops and symposia

14. S OUTHERN C ALIFORNIA E ARTHQUAKE C ENTER Integration of GPS into Risk Estimation

15. S OUTHERN C ALIFORNIA E ARTHQUAKE C ENTER Fence Diagram from the SCEC Seismic Velocity Model of Southern California

16. S OUTHERN C ALIFORNIA E ARTHQUAKE C ENTER Top panel: A “sonogram” type image originally for oil exploration made by recording signals from a vibrator moving along a north-south line. The vibrations reflect off buried structures which can be seen in the data when all seismograms are looked at together. Knowing the structures beneath southern California allows for better understanding of where earthquakes can occur, and how the ground will shake as a result. These data were used to construct the upper diagram showing that this was the causal fault for the 1987 earthquake. Bottom panel: Diagram of sub-surface structure in southeast Los Angeles County. The relationship between the Whittier Narrows blind fault that warps the overlying strata, and the 1987 Whittier Narrows earthquake is shown.

17. S OUTHERN C ALIFORNIA E ARTHQUAKE C ENTER Evidence for Collaboration: – Shared Facilities – Data Centers (CIT, UCSB, UCSD) Santa Barbara Instrument Center SCIGN Post-Doctoral Fellows program Summer Undergraduate Intern program

18. S OUTHERN C ALIFORNIA E ARTHQUAKE C ENTER GPS Velocity Map of Southern California

19. S OUTHERN C ALIFORNIA E ARTHQUAKE C ENTER Evidence for Collaboration: – System-level Science – Seismic hazard models Fault system behavior (e.g., faults of Los Angeles)

20. S OUTHERN C ALIFORNIA E ARTHQUAKE C ENTER

21. Top panel: Surface projections of major fault systems of the Los Angeles area. Edges with triangles represent the “tops” of the fault planes – solid if the fault breaks the surface and hollow if the fault is buried. The opposite edge of each fault system mapped above represents the “bottom” of the fault plane which is generally 10-15 km deep. Black areas are the surfaces which moved during earthquakes (including the black line on the near- vertical San Andreas fault). The magnitude listed is for a hypothetical earthquake which breaks the entire fault system. Bottom panel: 51 potential moderate (M6.5-M6.8) earthquakes on the major fault systems. Numbers denote the recurrence intervals for earthquakes in each section.

22. S OUTHERN C ALIFORNIA E ARTHQUAKE C ENTER Evidence for Collaboration: – Problem Identification and Consensus Building – Phase I, II, and III reports Focus on the Los Angeles basin SCIGN LARSE I and II

23. S OUTHERN C ALIFORNIA E ARTHQUAKE C ENTER SCEC Phase III Report An investigation of how and if site effects can be accounted for in probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) in southern California Conclusions: 1) Detailed classification (beyond rock versus soil) is justified with the Wills et al. (2000) map. 2) Basin depth is a significant factor, even for PGA (but may be a proxy). 3) Uncertainty (sigma) remains high after site corrections.

24. S OUTHERN C ALIFORNIA E ARTHQUAKE C ENTER Evidence for Collaboration: – Pooled Manpower and Resources – LARSE I and II Post-earthquake responses SCIGN

25. S OUTHERN C ALIFORNIA E ARTHQUAKE C ENTER Los Angeles Regional Seismic Experiment Top panel: Crustal structure image across the Los Angeles basin and San Gabriel Mountains from seismic transect. Bottom panel: Interpretation of fault structure based on data from top panel.

26. S OUTHERN C ALIFORNIA E ARTHQUAKE C ENTER Evidence for Collaboration: – Post-earthquake Response – Landers Northridge Hector Mine Turkey

27. S OUTHERN C ALIFORNIA E ARTHQUAKE C ENTER Evidence for Collaboration: – Interdisciplinary Education and Training – Summer Undergraduate Intern program Post-doctoral Fellows and Graduate student programs at core institutions LARSE I and II Annual meetings and poster sessions Workshops

28. S OUTHERN C ALIFORNIA E ARTHQUAKE C ENTER Evidence for Collaboration: – Partnerships, and Links to Other Earthquake Information Providers & Research Entities – With USGS With JPL/NASA With CDMG With PEER/CUREe With many through SCEC's Education and Knowledge Transfer program

29. S OUTHERN C ALIFORNIA E ARTHQUAKE C ENTER Collaboration between Earth Scientists and Engineers

30. S OUTHERN C ALIFORNIA E ARTHQUAKE C ENTER Other Important Center Attributes Sustained scientific efforts Seeded occasional "risky" projects Addressed the same natural laboratory Open data policy Knowledge transfer activities Broadened graduate education

31. S OUTHERN C ALIFORNIA E ARTHQUAKE C ENTER Collaboration Themes Summary Common goal Interactive & communication opportunities Integration Shared facilities System-level science Problem identification & consensus building Pooled manpower and resources Post-earthquake response Interdisciplinary education & training Partnerships and links

32. S OUTHERN C ALIFORNIA E ARTHQUAKE C ENTER I maintain that the evidence of successful collaboration is overwhelming. Thus, according to the premise that: Center = Collaboration we must declare that SCEC is, in fact, greater than the sum of its parts, and a success!