1. Department - Unit Safety Coordinator’s (Fall) Seminar Oregon State University Environmental Health and Safety Department - Unit Safety Coordinator (DUSC) Seminar - 9/10/08

2. Director’s Minute Steve LeBoeuf

3. Campus Emergency Preparedness: Building Closure Steve LeBoeuf Environmental Health and Safety Oregon State University

4. Revised Campus Emergency Plans (2008) Senior management direction A “Steering Committee” provides ongoing planning oversight Enterprise-wide preparedness expected as part of normal program & business planning Emergency Operations Center (EOC) A central EOC was developed at Cascade Hall, with a disaster management team from University senior leadership who uses the National Incident Management System (NIMS) when responding to emergencies

5. Revised Campus Emergency Plans (2008) Continued Begin to Create “Satellite Operations Centers (SOC)” and “Department Operations Centers (DOC)” Schools & departments have specific responsibilities before, during, and after an emergency incident i.e. evacuation of persons with disabilities Ongoing training & annual exercises keep us ready Practice critical EOC/SOC/DOC roles & interdependencies Developed “generic” plans that apply to any emergency Level 1(minor incident), 2(major emergency), 3(disaster)

6. 23 SOCs 6 Operational Service/Technical Departments 17 Academic/Administrative Headquarters

7. 3 “Emergency Levels” Minor Incident (resolved with internal resources, no program disruption) Major Emergency (Impacts sizable area, life safety or critical functions) EOC Operational Directors “Mini EOC”=Situation Triage and Assessment Team (STAT) Affected SOCs and Departments Possible involvement of local or county agencies Disaster (involves entire campus and community) University EOC, all SOC’s, all DOC’s Coordination with local, county, state, federal agencies

8. Emergency Plan Fundamentals Emergency preparedness is an integral part of business and operational planning throughout all University units All OSU emergency plans should address issues of “preparedness, response & recovery” Plans are generic or “all hazard” Response is calibrated to 3 “emergency levels” Emergency Plan Goals: ◦ Protect life safety ◦ Secure critical infrastructure and facilities ◦ Resume teaching and research programs

9. OSU Building Emergency Systems -- Building Closure Sequence Criteria for building closure based on: ◦ Life safety concerns ◦ Chemical use/Laboratories ◦ Building emergency systems ◦ Size of building/presence of natural light to the interior space

10. Building closure sequence Fume hoods/chemical storage. ◦ Expect closure T-30 minutes. Emergency lighting & fire alarms connected to backup generator. ◦ Building closure not expected. Emergency lighting & fire alarms connected to battery backup. ◦ Expect closure T-90 minutes OR Start fire- watch.

11. Building closure sequence No emergency lighting or fire alarms (and building has areas without natural light). ◦ Expect closure as soon as possible. Student housing and dining facilities w/o generator backup ◦ Fire-watch allowed ◦ No building closure expected

12. Weniger Building Closure Example 6 th floor transformer went down Sunday evening (August 31 st ), with loss of power to the north half of the building. Building closed for life safety concerns. SOC set up at entrance. Limited access granted to department personnel (30 minutes with escort) for necessary work; Animal care groups granted access with communications. Power restored Wednesday evening (September 3 rd ).

13. Weniger Building Closure and SOC response trailer…

14. Weniger Building Closure and SOC at main entrance…

15. Not a question of If, but When… How you can help during the next Power Outage… In Laboratories: Stop work and close, cover or otherwise contain and secure the materials you are using. Stop work in fumehoods or biosafety cabinets as soon as possible and close the sash, even if the hood appears to be working. Make sure cabinet doors and flammable storage cabinets are secure. Avoid opening refrigerators or freezers. The internal temperature will be maintained longer if the doors are kept closed.

16. Not a question of If, but When… How you can help during the next Power Outage… In Animal Facilities: Animal care staff working in windowless areas should have access to flashlights at all times. Surgical facilities should have enough battery powered lights to be able to finish up a surgery without power. If you have animals housed in ventilated racks, you should know what will happen to the animals if there is no power and be prepared to deal with the situation.

17. Not a question of If, but When… How you can help during the next Power Outage… For all Departments: Make sure flashlights or battery-operated light sources are readily available and that all employees know where they are located. Departments may consider installing battery-operated emergency lighting in interior offices and labs. Shut off computer equipment, printers, copy machines and other electronic equipment. There may be power surge when the power is restored that could damage electrical equipment left in the “on” position. During outside temperature extremes, keep windows closed to maintain indoor temperatures. If the outside temperatures are mild, open outside windows/doors.

18. What to Expect During a Fire Inspection Andy Gray Fire and Life Safety Program Environmental Health & Safety Department - Unit Safety Coordinator (DUSC) Seminar - 9/10/08

19. Inspection Process Contract with Corvallis Fire Department Cost; Scope of duties Building inspection frequency Inspection notification process Method of inspection Inspection report (Initial and Reinspection)

21. Common Violations Hallway storage Shelf restraints Recycling bags Repeat violations Unlabeled containers Non-fuse protected power strips

22. Fire Extinguishers Approximately 4,500 on main campus Located every 50 feet Stationed in common-use areas Required Inspections Monthly; Annual; Every 6 years

23. Other Resources Problems with your building’s fire extinguishers? Fire Drills Fire Escapes – assessment project

24. Questions?

25. Give me a break!

26. Biohazard Waste Management An overview infectious waste rules and effective management practices Matt Philpott, Biological Safety Officer Environmental Health and Safety Department - Unit Safety Coordinator (DUSC) Seminar - 9/10/08

27. Purpose: Biohazard Waste Management Prevention of laboratory-associated infections or illness (LAI): “all infections acquired through laboratory or laboratory-related activities regardless of whether they are symptomatic or asymptomatic…” Exact number of LAI are unknown, but a number of deaths have been recorded. Department - Unit Safety Coordinator (DUSC) Seminar - 9/10/08

28. Biohazard Wastes and LAI Epidemiology: No evidence that treated (i.e., autoclaved) medical wastes have caused disease. untreated wastes have caused disease Numerous incidents of infectious disease have been linked to contaminated sharps; after use and before discard or improper discard. Public concerns during the early years of the HIV epidemic were largely responsible for the existing regulations for medical waste management. Department - Unit Safety Coordinator (DUSC) Seminar - 9/10/08

29. Waste Management and Risk Effective waste management is based on a risk assessment – an educated estimate of the risk based on agent characteristics, level of resistance and training of the persons involved, and the nature of the activities. The risk assessment is aided by characterization of agents into risk groups. Department - Unit Safety Coordinator (DUSC) Seminar - 9/10/08

30. Risk Groups (RG) Risk GroupWhat it Means RG-1 Agents that are not associated with disease in healthy adult humans; low individual and community risk. RG-2 Agents that are associated with human disease which is rarely serious and for which preventive or therapeutic interventions are often available and the risk of spread of infection is limited; moderate individual risk and low community risk. RG-3 Agents that are associated with serious or lethal human disease for which preventive or therapeutic interventions may be available; high individual risk but low community risk. RG-4 Agents that are likely to cause serious or lethal human disease for which preventive or therapeutic interventions are not usually available; high individual risk and high community risk

31. Biosafety Levels Based on the risk assessment, the activities are assigned to a biosafety level. Biosafety levels are a combination of facilities, safety equipment, and work practices (including waste management). Department - Unit Safety Coordinator (DUSC) Seminar - 9/10/08

32. Biosafety Levels (BSL) Biosafety LevelUsed to safely work with: BSL-1 Agents or hazards not known to cause disease in healthy adult humans; minimal hazard to personnel. BSL-2 Agents or hazards of moderate potential risk to personnel. May cause disease that can usually be treated. Risk of disease by contact, injection, or ingestion. BSL-3 Agents or hazards that may cause serious or potentially lethal disease as a result of exposure by inhalation. Treatment may be available. BSL-4 Agents or hazards that poses a high risk of aerosol- transmitted life-threatening disease. No treatment.

33. Labs at OSU Biosafety LevelSituation at OSU BSL-1 Most biology labs on campus are in this category, and pose little risk to personnel. BSL-2 About 55 labs on campus are BSL-2. Each will have a sign on the door or next to the door indicating it is a BSL-2 laboratory. No inhalation hazard to personnel. BSL-3 Only one facility at OSU. Personnel must be highly trained to enter these labs. Agents in use pose a risk of airborne transmission. BSL-4 There are no BSL-4 facilities at OSU.

34. Precautions to Take Biosafety LevelPractices for Management BSL-1 Wear gloves when handling equipment and wastes. Most wastes are not autoclaved prior to discard to normal waste streams. Culture wastes autoclaved. BSL-2 Wear gloves, eye protection, and protective clothing when working in these labs. Follow general laboratory precautions. Wastes are segregated into potentially infectious and non-infectious. Potentially infectious wastes are autoclaved. BSL-3 Wear gloves, eye protection, full-body protective clothing; respiratory protection may be required. Extensive training and experience are required to work safely. All wastes are autoclaved. BSL-4 Full-body respirator suits or glove boxes are used at all times. All wastes are autoclaved.

35. Infectious Waste Regulations Infectious waste is regulated mainly at the state level, but also at the federal and community (in some locations). Federal Acts and Regulations: OSHA Bloodborne Pathogen Standard Needlestick Safety and Prevention Act Select Agent Regulations (Bioterrorism Act, PATRIOT Act) U.S. DOT Hazardous Waste Transportation Regulations Department - Unit Safety Coordinator (DUSC) Seminar - 9/10/08

36. OSHA Bloodborne Pathogen Standard / Needlestick Prevention Act Requirements Applies to contact with human source materials (blood, body fluids, tissues, cell lines) Solid wastes must be collected: into hard sided, leak-proof containers with biohazard symbol; red or orange. sharps discarded into leak-proof sharps containers, with biohazard symbol; red or orange. safety-engineered sharps must be used. Department - Unit Safety Coordinator (DUSC) Seminar - 9/10/08

37. Select Agent Regulations All wastes must be secured in such a way that there is no access by persons who have not passed a Security Risk Assessment. All wastes are treated by a process that fully sterilizes before discard to the normal waste stream. Department - Unit Safety Coordinator (DUSC) Seminar - 9/10/08

38. Oregon Regulations ORS 459.386 - 459.405 Statute that addresses disposal of infectious wastes. OAR 333-056-0010 through 333-056-0050 Oregon Health Services infectious waste regulations (disposal, storage) OAR 340-093-0190 Oregon DEQ infectious waste regulations OAR 740-110-0030 Oregon DOT rules for transportation of infectious wastes Department - Unit Safety Coordinator (DUSC) Seminar - 9/10/08

39. Regulated Wastes in Oregon: “Biological Wastes” blood and blood products, excretions, exudates, secretions, suctionings and other body fluids “Cultures and stocks” pathogens and associated biologicals including specimen cultures; dishes and devices used to transfer, inoculate and mix cultures; wastes from production of biologicals; serums and discarded live and attenuated vaccines. Department - Unit Safety Coordinator (DUSC) Seminar - 9/10/08

40. Regulated Wastes in Oregon: “Pathological waste” biopsy material and all human tissues, anatomical parts animal carcasses exposed to pathogens in research and the bedding and other wastes form such animals “Sharps” needles, IV tubing with needles attached, scalpel blades, lancets, glass tubes, syringes Department - Unit Safety Coordinator (DUSC) Seminar - 9/10/08

41. Effective Waste Management Segregation potentially infectious regulated wastes must be separated from other wastes at the point of generation (in the lab, animal room, clinic) Containment regulated wastes must be collected into leak-proof containers fitted with covers Hazard Identification infectious waste containers must be identified with the biohazard warning symbol in red or orange Department - Unit Safety Coordinator (DUSC) Seminar - 9/10/08

42. Examples of poor segregation and containment of wastes. Department - Unit Safety Coordinator (DUSC) Seminar - 9/10/08

45. Proper segregation and containment of infectious wastes. Note hazard identification Department - Unit Safety Coordinator (DUSC) Seminar - 9/10/08

46. Percutaneous Transmission Most percutaneous transmission of disease in a research setting involve the use of sharps. For this reason, sharps waste management is subject to regulation at both the state and federal levels. Department - Unit Safety Coordinator (DUSC) Seminar - 9/10/08

47. Sharps must be discarded immediately after use, without recapping, into hard-sided, leak- proof containers with hazard warning labels. Department - Unit Safety Coordinator (DUSC) Seminar - 9/10/08

48. Safety Engineered Sharps Substitute safety engineered sharps for traditional sharps. Department - Unit Safety Coordinator (DUSC) Seminar - 9/10/08

49. These pictures illustrate what can happen with accidental needlesticks – these are inoculation with vaccinia virus. Department - Unit Safety Coordinator (DUSC) Seminar - 9/10/08

50. Treatment of Medical Wastes Medical wastes must be treated with methods that effectively sterilize. In Oregon, treatments must be approved by the state: steam sterilization (autoclaving) incineration (required for pathological wastes) small number of scientifically validated commercial processes (see DHS web site) Department - Unit Safety Coordinator (DUSC) Seminar - 9/10/08

51. Incineration Incineration must “provide complete combustion of waste to carbonized or mineralized ash.” Required method for disposal of pathological wastes (human tissues, animal carcasses). Most common method for sharps disposal. Department - Unit Safety Coordinator (DUSC) Seminar - 9/10/08

52. Autoclaving Infectious Waste Biological wastes, cultures and stocks may be treated by autoclaving prior to disposal. This method is commonly used at OSU. Pathological wastes cannot be treated by autoclaving. Department - Unit Safety Coordinator (DUSC) Seminar - 9/10/08

53. Heat Sterilization: autoclaving Both time and temperature are important components; have inverse relationship: Autoclaving - steam under pressure kills all forms of microorganisms at 121 o C for 25 min. (including endospores) This time is actual exposure to heat of 121 o C, not run time for the autoclave! Department - Unit Safety Coordinator (DUSC) Seminar - 9/10/08

55. About Autoclaving Waste Bags should be closed for autoclaving, and placed on an elevated surface within a shallow pan. Deep pans will delay heat transfer. Plastic pans transfer heat slower than metal pans. Bagged waste will need more time than most other types of materials in the autoclave. Department - Unit Safety Coordinator (DUSC) Seminar - 9/10/08

56. Validation of Performance In Oregon, autoclaves used to process infectious waste must be validated monthly. challenge test with endospores of the thermophilic bacterium Geobacillus stearothermophilus requires ~ 20-25 min. at 121 o C to kill 10 5 spores are buried in center of bag, autoclaved, then tested for residual viability Department - Unit Safety Coordinator (DUSC) Seminar - 9/10/08

57. Other autoclave requirements: Autoclaves used to treat infectious waste must have standard operating procedures posted. Must be capable of monitoring and validating temperature during each run. chart recorders, heat-sensitive indicators Department - Unit Safety Coordinator (DUSC) Seminar - 9/10/08

58. Discard of Treated Wastes Once infectious wastes have been treated by autoclaving or other effective method, they can be discarded to the normal waste streams. liquids can be discharged to the sanitary sewer solids (over-bagged) can be discarded to the landfill Department - Unit Safety Coordinator (DUSC) Seminar - 9/10/08

59. Additional Resources Oregon infectious waste links to statutes and regulations on infectious wastes: http://www.deq.state.or.us/lq/sw/infectiouswaste/index.htm U.S. EPA medical waste page: http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/other/medical/ Medical waste publications: http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/other/medical/publications.htm CDC / NIH BMBL 5 th Edition: http://www.cdc.gov/od/ohs/biosfty/bmbl5/bmbl5toc.htm Department - Unit Safety Coordinator (DUSC) Seminar - 9/10/08

60. References Rutala, W. A., Stiegel, M. M. and F. A. Sarubbi, Jr. Decontamination of laboratory microbiological waste by steam sterilization. App. Env. Microbiol. 43: 1311-1316 (1982). Lauer, J. L., Battles, J. R. and D. Vesley. Decontaminating infectious laboratory wastes by autoclaving. App. Env. Microbiol. 44: 690-694 (1982). Ozzane, G., Huot, R. and C. Montpetit. Influence of packaging and processing conditions on decontamination of laboratory biomedical wastes by steam sterilization. App. Env. Microbiol. 59: 4335-4337 (1993). Department - Unit Safety Coordinator (DUSC) Seminar - 9/10/08

61. Emergency Eyewash & Shower Testing Dan Kermoyan Environmental Health & Safety Department - Unit Safety Coordinator (DUSC) Seminar - 9/10/08

62. 2000 eye injuries per day. When personal protective equipment (PPE) fails to prevent contact with highly irritating or corrosive chemicals, immediate removal of the contaminant from eyes, face, and skin is needed. 2000 eye injuries per day. When personal protective equipment (PPE) fails to prevent contact with highly irritating or corrosive chemicals, immediate removal of the contaminant from eyes, face, and skin is needed. Department - Unit Safety Coordinator (DUSC) Seminar - 9/10/08 National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

63. Accident Statistics Oregon State University (SAIF Corp. data) YearTotal Eye Injuries reported Chemical Related 2008 – Present21 2007 – 200881 2006 – 200774 2005 – 2006132 2004 – 200590 2003 – 200460 2002 – 200381 2001 – 2002142 2000 – 200191 Department - Unit Safety Coordinator (DUSC) Seminar - 9/10/08

64. Oregon – OSHA’s Top-25 Violations Cited during inspections RankCalendar yearTotal Violations cited 15th2000110 17th2001129 22nd200375 Department - Unit Safety Coordinator (DUSC) Seminar - 9/10/08

65. Requirements (When Needed) OR-OSHA regulation: OAR 437-002-0161 (5) OR-OSHA regulation: OAR 437-002-0161 (5) Required When …. Where employees handle substances that could injure them by getting into their eyes or onto their bodies, provide them with an eyewash, or shower, or both based on the hazard. Required When …. Where employees handle substances that could injure them by getting into their eyes or onto their bodies, provide them with an eyewash, or shower, or both based on the hazard. Department - Unit Safety Coordinator (DUSC) Seminar - 9/10/08

66. Requirements (Where Needed) Location -- employees can reach it and begin treatment in 10 seconds or less; (55 feet). Location -- employees can reach it and begin treatment in 10 seconds or less; (55 feet). “Unobstructed pathway and cannot require the opening of doors or passage through obstacles unless other employees are always present to help the exposed employee”. “Unobstructed pathway and cannot require the opening of doors or passage through obstacles unless other employees are always present to help the exposed employee”. If not corrosive, crash-bar OK If not corrosive, crash-bar OK Water must flow for at least 15 minutes. Water must flow for at least 15 minutes. Eyewash (0.4 gpm); Shower (20 gpm). Eyewash (0.4 gpm); Shower (20 gpm). Department - Unit Safety Coordinator (DUSC) Seminar - 9/10/08

67. Requirements (Construction/Testing) Department - Unit Safety Coordinator (DUSC) Seminar - 9/10/08 Eyewash – Stay-open valves for hands-free use. Shower -- Must not be subject to unauthorized shut-off. Eyewash – Stay-open valves for hands-free use. Shower -- Must not be subject to unauthorized shut-off. Emergency shower and eyewash facilities must be clean, sanitary and operating correctly. Emergency shower and eyewash facilities must be clean, sanitary and operating correctly. Follow the system manufacturer’s criteria for water pressure, flow rate and testing. Follow the system manufacturer’s criteria for water pressure, flow rate and testing.

68. Testing Frequency OR-OSHA “manufacturer’s criteria” OR-OSHA “manufacturer’s criteria” Manufacturers weekly testing Manufacturers weekly testing Manufacturers American National Standard for Emergency Eyewash and Shower Equipment (ANSI Z358.1-2004) Manufacturers American National Standard for Emergency Eyewash and Shower Equipment (ANSI Z358.1-2004) Department - Unit Safety Coordinator (DUSC) Seminar - 9/10/08

69. Water Quality Water should be potable Water should be potable OSHA directive (Yes); ANSI/Manufacturer (No mention) OSHA directive (Yes); ANSI/Manufacturer (No mention) Acanthamoeba? Acanthamoeba? Run for how long? (OSHA, ANSI, Manufacturer do not state) Run for how long? (OSHA, ANSI, Manufacturer do not state) DOE study report 1986 DOE study report 1986 Water Temperature? Water Temperature? OSHA directive 60-95 0 F; ANSI 60 0 F; Manufacturer 60-95 0 F; Adverse chemical reaction?? OSHA directive 60-95 0 F; ANSI 60 0 F; Manufacturer 60-95 0 F; Adverse chemical reaction?? Department - Unit Safety Coordinator (DUSC) Seminar - 9/10/08

70. Provide Unobstructed Access Department - Unit Safety Coordinator (DUSC) Seminar - 9/10/08

71. Eyewash Test Department - Unit Safety Coordinator (DUSC) Seminar - 9/10/08

72. Shower Test Department - Unit Safety Coordinator (DUSC) Seminar - 9/10/08

73. Document The Test! Department - Unit Safety Coordinator (DUSC) Seminar - 9/10/08

74. Test Units Available Department - Unit Safety Coordinator (DUSC) Seminar - 9/10/08

75. Questions? Department - Unit Safety Coordinator (DUSC) Seminar - 9/10/08

76. for attending! Department - Unit Safety Coordinator (DUSC) Seminar - 9/10/08