1. The Era of Social Change
Chapter 23
Pages
Objective: To understand the sweeping social protest movements of the 1960s and the quest for radical change initiated by Latinos, Native Americans, women, and young people.

2. Feminism in the 1970s Movement showed vitality
Title IX to the Education Amendments
ERA
Court cases: Reed v. Reed and Frontiero v. Richardson
1973 – Roe v. Wade

3. First Women’s March for Equality - 1970

5. Anti-Feminism Nixon vetoed nationwide public day-care
Phyllis Schlafly –STOP ERA – blamed for rising divorce rate

6. Civil Rights…. Courts: Milliken v. Bradley – 1974
Desegregation could not require across district bussing
Reinforced “White Flight”
Pitted poor whites and blacks against each other

7. Bakke v. Board of Regents
1978 – Allan Bakke denied admission to U. of Cal. – Davis Medical School
Sued – said his scores were better than the minorities who were accepted
Supreme Court – preference for admission can not be given to any group
Racial factors may be used in overall admissions process
Bakke admitted – “reverse discrimination”

8. Native Americans Asserted status as separate semi-sovereign peoples
Seized Alcatraz 1972 – Wounded Knee 1972
United States v. Wheeler – 1978
Indian tribes possessed a “unique and limited” sovereignty
Subject to the will of Congress – not the states

9. Native Americans Asserted status as separate semi-sovereign peoples
Seized Alcatraz 1972 – Wounded Knee 1972
United States v. Wheeler – 1978
Indian tribes possessed a “unique and limited” sovereignty
Subject to the will of Congress – not the states

10. Alcatraz

12. A Nation Divided-A Generation in Conflict
Why was Vietnam a working class war?
What were the roots of opposition to the war?
What was the anti- war movement?
Why was their growing division in the US over the war?

13. Roots of Opposition- ”The Times They are A-Changing”
College students became more involved in social protest
The New Left demanded sweeping changes in American society
Students for A Democratic Society (SDS) charged that large Corporations and large government institutions had taken over the US (They wanted democracy and individual freedom) Anti-WAR
In 1964 The Free Speech Movement grew out of a dispute between administrators and students at Univ. of CA at Berkeley

16. From Campus to Mass Mobilization
Professors and students used teach-ins to protest the war (Sit-In for the campus)
In April 1965, SDS organized a march on Washington of 20,000, then 30,000
By 1969 SDS had chapters on 400 campuses
In spring of 1967 nearly 500,000 gathered in NYC’s Central Park “Hell no we won’t go!” “Burn Cards not People!”
In October ,000 anti-war protestors marched from the Lincoln Memorial to the Pentagon (1,500 injured, 700 arrested)

21. War Divides the Nation Hawks v Doves
In December 1967, 70% of Americans felt that the protests were “acts of disloyalty”
Backlash to the Protestors organized
“America Love it or Leave It!”
“Support our men in Vietnam!”
“College professors, students…don’t love our country.”
LBJ was determined with slow escalation
Sec. of Defense McNamara resigned in the end of 1967

22. Songs of Protest and Support
CCR- Fortunate Son
Country Joe's Anti Vietnam War Song Woodstock
Bob Dylan –The Times they are a Changing
Eve of Destruction
The Ballet of the Green Berets

23. The Counterculture of the 1960’s
Counterculture was a movement made up of mostly white, middle-class college young people who were disillusioned with the war and injustices of society
They turned their backs on traditional American and founded a society based on peace and love
Hippies
25%-30% of college Age students

24. Materialism, technology, and war were hollow
Harvard psychologist & philosopher Dr. Timothy Leary
formed the "League of Spiritual Discovery," an LSD advocacy group
Many left home, work, and school to create an ideal community of peace love and harmony

26. Hippie Culture The Age of Aquarius Rock ’n’ Roll Music
Sexual Revolution (Free Love)
Marijuana and LSD (Illegal Drugs)
Eastern Religions (Zen Buddhism)
Ragged Jeans, Tie-dye shirts, military garments, love beads and muslin shirts
Long hair and beards
Many joined communes
Haight-Asbury District of SF

32. Art of the 1960’s
                                                                                                              
Pop-Art by Andy Warhol

33. Music of the 1960’s
The music was a form of protest that grew out of African-American rhythm and blues of the 1950’s (Folk and Rock)
The Beatles, The Doors, Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, Jefferson Airplane, the Grateful Dead, the Who, Bob Dylan, Joan Baez and the Rolling Stones
In 1969 the appex of the counterculture was the music festival Woodstock
The 1970 Concert at Altamont Speedway was a disaster and ended the era of peace and love