1. NOTES: ‘Science Teachers for Climate Awareness’  This ppt is designed for use of science teachers in talking about low emission energy resources and other greenhouse mitigation methods.  We suggest adapting this ppt to your own liking or combining with others.  For suggestions for improvements please contact KB at  PLEASE NOTE: This will never be a ‘complete’ presentation but is provided for ideas and feedback. It will be updated as time allows!  Be sure to look at the ‘notes’ pages below for suggestions for how to use and more detail.  This AIP web version 21 Sep 2010  THIS IS PART 2 OF THIS PRESENTATION – PART 1 CONTAINS THE MORE IMPORTANT SECTIONS. LAST SLIDE OF PART 1 FOLLOWS:

2. b e y o n d Z E R O e m i s s i o n s. o r g 1 mirror OR 20 tons of coal OUR CHOICE Renewable choice (Over lifetime of mirror)

3. Climate Change: We CAN reduce the CO 2 and other greenhouse gases in our atmosphere to safer levels

4. The Solutions!  The Australian scene: UNSW PV

5. The Solutions! – The future?

6. “It is a remarkable fact that, in maintaining our standard of living, each Australian produces enough carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) to replace the column of atmosphere above one square metre of land every year.”

7. The Solutions! … achieving the transition to a low carbon sustainable economy will require a massive mobilisation of skills and training – both to equip new workers and to enable appropriate changes in practices by the three million workers already employed in these key sectors influencing our environmental footprint. Current approaches do not appear sufficient for meeting these challenges.

8. The Solutions! We can become more energy efficient and at the same time grow our economy, as demonstrated by the example of Sweden. Since 1990, the economy of Sweden has grown by 50% while reducing its greenhouse emissions by 10%. To achieve a similar outcome, Australia must build infrastructure to reduce our greenhouse gas footprint, cut our dependence on liquid fuels, and enable the transition to a low-carbon economy.

9. The Solutions!  Fossil fuels  Cutting car use has to be a priority 2000 2020 ABS Transport energy

10. The Solutions!  Reduce energy use  Better forms of transport – maybe these?

11. The Solutions!  Reduce energy use  Better forms of transport – definitely these

12. The Solutions!  Typical bike lane Melbourne

13. The Solutions!  Typical bike lane Copenhagen

14. The Solutions!

15. We are way behind in bicycle use

16. Oberstdorf – Bavaria

17. Copenhagen free “city bikes”

18. Melbourne non-free “city bikes” But where are the bike paths?

19. The Solutions!  Reduce energy use  These are a problem!

20. The Solutions!

21.  Maybe this is one solution

22. The Solutions!  This could be another

23. The Solutions!  This solution is a long way off!  (But it did fly for over 24 hours!)

24. The Solutions!  Reduce energy use  This could be fun. Maybe we need to be a bit more relaxed about getting places!

25. The Solutions!  Lower CO 2 options  Sequestration of CO 2 from power stations - ?  More efficient coal stations  Combined cycle gas generators

26. The Solutions!  Lower CO 2 options  Ceramic fuel cells combined electricity and heat unit

27. The Solutions!  Lower CO 2 options  Nuclear ?

28. The Solutions!  Nuclear? A difficult question for environmentalists!  NO!  ACF, Greenpeace, FoE, etc.  Mark Diesendorf  YES!  James Hansen  Barry Brooke  Sweden reversed its nuclear phase out

29. The Solutions!  But there are two different questions!  Nuclear power for Australia?  We have plenty of other renewable resources.  They be developed more quickly than nuclear.  Nuclear would cost as much or more than wind.  Nuclear power for other countries?  Most countries don’t have our renewable options.  Should Australia export uranium?  Should we process and recycle nuclear fuel?  Should we bury waste?

30. The Solutions!  Australia – land of Sun, Wind, Ocean, Geothermal  About 3 people per sq km  Japan – Not much of any of those!  About 340 people per sq km Japan to same scale

31. The Solutions!  Australia – Vastly more solar and wind  Japan – Must import energy in some form  Coal?  Oil?  Gas?  Hydrogen?  Nuclear? Solar ~280 W/m 2 Japan Japan Solar <200 W/m 2 WIND (potential) 1 PWh PWh

32. The Solutions!  Not surprisingly...  Nuclear 23.3% (2007)  Fossil fuels 67% Total electricity ~4000 PJ/yr (Oz 900 PJ/yr)

33. The Solutions!  Many countries are using nuclear power for a lot of their electricity generation

34. The Solutions!  Australia has large amounts of uranium

35. The Solutions!  Highest reserves, but less production than Canada

36. The Solutions!

37.  Sustainable options 60 kilowatt (10 years ago) Yambuk 2006 1.3 megawatt 6 MW and increasing

40. The Solutions!  Sustainable options We make per day about: 6 – 12 kWh Feed in to grid about 3 – 6 kWh Draw from grid about 2 – 4 kWh

41. The Solutions!  Sustainable options

42. The Solutions!  Sustainable options Gas used for hot water October to April: NONE at all

43. The Solutions!  Sustainable options Where are the solar collectors?

44. The Solutions!  Sustainable options: This is in sunny Germany!

45. The Solutions!  Sustainable options Another sort of ‘power tower’. Hot air rising drives turbines in the tower.

46. The Solutions!  Sustainable options  Geothermal – ‘hot rocks’  Potentially very large resources

47. The Solutions!  Sustainable options  Geothermal – ‘hot rocks’  A number of problems yet to be overcome however!

49. The Solutions!  Sustainable options  Geothermal – ‘hot rocks’  Potentially very large resources

50. Pulling carbon out of the air

52. This is not the end!  There are many more sustainable options and the list is growing every day.  We must go beyond the so called ‘debate’ and move toward a safe future.  This presentation is in a continuing state of development. Please let us know of suggested improvements, additions!  Go to www.vicphysics.org to find the latest version.