1. Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition
Chapter 4
Telecommunications, the Internet, Intranets, and Extranets 1

2. Principles and Learning Objectives
A telecommunications system has many fundamental components that must be carefully selected and work together effectively to enable people to meet personal and organization objectives
Identify and describe the fundamental components of a telecommunications system including media and hardware devices
Identify several network types and describe the uses and limitations of each
Name three basic processing alternatives for organizations that require two or more computer systems and discuss their fundamental features
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition

3. Principles and Learning Objectives (continued)
The Internet and the Web provide a wide range of services, some of which are effective and practical for use today, others are still evolving, and still others will fade away from lack of use
Briefly describe how the Internet works, including alternatives for connecting to it and the role of Internet service providers
Describe how the World Wide Web works and the use of Web browsers, search engines, and other Web tools
Identify and briefly describe several applications associated with the Internet and the Web
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition

4. Principles and Learning Objectives (continued)
Because use of the Internet and World Wide Web is becoming universal in the business environment, management, service and speed, privacy, and security issues must continually be addressed and resolved
Outline a process and identify tools used to create Web content
Define the terms intranet and extranet and discuss how organizations are using them
Identify several issues associated with the use of networks
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition

5. An Overview of Telecommunications
The electronic transmission of signals for communications
Telecommunications medium
Any material substance that carries an electronic signal to support communications between a sending and receiving device
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition

6. An Overview of Telecommunications (continued)
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition

7. Channel Bandwidth The rate at which data is exchanged
Broadband communications
A telecommunications system that can exchange data very quickly
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition

8. Communications Media Guided transmission media types
Many utilities, cities, and organizations are experimenting with broadband over power lines (BPL)
Wireless technologies
Broadcast of communications in one of three frequency ranges: microwave, radio, and infrared
Near Field Communication (NFC)
Bluetooth
Ultra wideband (UWB)
Wi-Fi
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition

9. Communications Media (continued)
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition

10. Communications Media (continued)
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition

11. Telecommunications Hardware
Devices include:
Modems, multiplexers, PBXs and front-end processors that enable electronic communications to occur or occur more efficiently
Switches, bridges, routers and gateways
Devices for sending packets of data through one or more networks
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition

12. Telecommunications Hardware (continued)
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition

13. Services Digital subscriber line (DSL) Asymmetric DSL (ADSL) line
Telecommunications service that delivers high-speed Internet access to homes and small businesses over the existing phone lines
Asymmetric DSL (ADSL) line
Does not require an additional phone line and yet provides “always-on” Internet access
Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)
Enables voice conversations to be converted into packets of data that can be sent over a data network
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition

14. Services (continued)
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition

15. Services (continued)
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition

16. Services (continued)
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition

17. Networks and Distributed Processing
Computer network
Communications media, devices, and software needed to connect two or more computer systems and/or devices
Network nodes
Computers and devices on the networks
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition

18. Network Types Personal area network (PAN) Local area network (LAN)
Wireless network that connects information technology devices within a range of 33 feet or so
Local area network (LAN)
Connects computer systems and devices within a small area, such as an office
Metropolitan area network (MAN)
Connects users and their computers in a geographical area
Wide area network (WAN)
Connects large geographic regions
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition

19. Network Types (continued)
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition

20. Distributed Processing
Centralized processing
All processing occurs in a single location or facility
Decentralized processing
Processing devices are placed at various remote locations
Distributed processing
Computers are placed at remote locations but connected to each other via a network
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition

21. Client/Server Systems
Multiple computer platforms are dedicated to special functions, such as:
Database management, printing, communications, and program execution
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition

22. Communications Protocols
Set of rules that govern the exchange of information over a communications channel
Protocols
Govern several levels of a telecommunications network
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition

23. Communications Software
Network operating system (NOS)
Systems software that controls the computer systems and devices on a network and allows them to communicate with each other
Network management software
Simplifies the process of updating files and programs on computers on the network
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition

24. Use and Functioning of the Internet
Collection of interconnected networks, all freely exchanging information
ARPANET
Ancestor of the Internet
A project started by the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) in 1969
Internet Protocol (IP)
Enables traffic to be routed from one network to another as needed
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition

25. How the Internet Works Packets Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
Carry the addresses of its sender and its receiver
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
Widely used transport-layer protocol used in combination with IP
Backbone
One of the Internet’s high-speed, long-distance communications links
Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
Assigned address
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition

26. How the Internet Works (continued)
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition

27. How the Internet Works (continued)
Accessing the Internet
Internet access is not distributed evenly
Connect via LAN server
Used by businesses that manage a LAN
Connect via dial-up
Requires a modem that allows the computer to use standard phone lines
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition

28. How the Internet Works (continued)
Connect via an online service
High-speed services provide data transfer rates between 1 and 7 Mbp
Connect wirelessly
Thousands of public Wi-Fi services are available in coffee shops, airports, hotels, and elsewhere
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition

29. How the Internet Works (continued)
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition

30. Internet Service Providers
Any company that provides individuals or organizations with access to the Internet
Most charge a monthly fee
Many ISPs and online services
Offer broadband Internet access through digital subscriber lines (DSLs), cable, or satellite transmission
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition

31. Internet Service Providers (continued)
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition

32. The World Wide Web
A hyperlink-based system that uses the client/server model
Organizes Internet resources throughout the world into a series of linked file
Tools: Web browser, Web portal, Web plug-ins
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
Standard page description language for Web pages
Extensible Markup Language (XML)
Markup language for Web documents containing structured information containing various elements
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition

33. Web 2.0 and the Social Web
The Web as a computing platform that supports software applications and the sharing of information between users
Rich Internet application
Software that has the functionality and complexity of traditional application software, but does not require local installation and runs in a Web browser
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition

34. Web Programming Languages
Java
Object-oriented programming language from Sun Microsystems based on C++
Allows small programs (applets) to be embedded within an HTML document
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition

35. Developing Web Content
Products that simplify the creation of a Web page
.NET platform
Bubbler
Homestead QuickSites
JobSpot
Mash-up: Programs and procedures combining two or more Web applications into a new service
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition

36. Web Services
Standards and tools that streamline and simplify communication among Web sites
XML is key to Web services
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition

37. Internet and Web Applications
Search engines and Web research
Search engine
Enables you to find information on the Web
Scours the Web with bots that follow all Web links in an attempt to catalog every Web page by topic
Important businesses tool used to drive visitors to Web sites
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition

38. E-Mail, Instant Messaging, and Video Chat
No longer limited to simple text messages
Instant messaging
Online, real-time communication between two or more people who are connected to the Internet
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition

39. Career Information and Job Searching
Search engines
Can be a good starting point for searching for specific companies or industries
Some sites
Can help you develop a résumé and find a good job
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition

40. Telnet, SSH, and FTP Telnet File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
Network protocol that enables users to log on to networks remotely over the Internet
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
Protocol that supports file transfers between a host and a remote computer
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition

41. Web Log (Blog), Video Log (Vlog), and Podcasting
Web site that people can create and use to write about their observations, experiences, and feelings
Video log (vlog)
Video content placed on the Internet using the same overall approach as a blog
Podcast
Audio broadcast over the Internet
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition

42. Chat Rooms
Facility that enables two or more people to engage in interactive “conversations” over the Internet
Internet Relay Chat (IRC)
Requires participants to type their conversation rather than speak
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition

43. Internet Phone and Videoconferencing Services
Internet phone service
Enables you to communicate with others around the world
Internet videoconferencing
Supports both voice and visual communications
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition

44. Social Networks Provide Web-based tools for users to:
Share information about themselves with people on the Web
MySpace and Facebook
Popular social networking sites
LinkedIn
Social network that allows professionals to find others who work in the same field
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition

45. Media Sharing
Provide methods for members to store and share digital media files on the Web
YouTube
Flickr
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition

46. Content Streaming
Method for transferring multimedia files, radio broadcasts, and other content over the Internet so that the data stream plays continuously
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition

47. Shopping on the Web Bot (intelligent agent)
Software tool that searches the Web for information, products, or prices
Can find the best prices or features from multiple Web sites
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition

48. Web Auctions A way to connect buyers and seller Web auction sites
Place where businesses are growing their markets or reaching customers for a low cost per transaction
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition

49. Music, Radio, Video, and TV on the Internet
Hot growth areas on the Internet
Music, radio, and video
Radio broadcasts are now available on the Internet
Video and TV are also becoming available on the Internet
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition

50. Office on the Web Internet office
Web site that contains files, phone numbers, addresses, an appointment calendar, and more
Allows your desktop computer, phone books, appointment schedulers, and other important information to be with you wherever you are
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition

51. Other Internet Services and Applications
Internet services are constantly emerging
Libraries
Critical information during times of disaster or terrorism
Critical medical information
Translation
Distance learning
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition

52. Intranets and Extranets
Internal corporate network built using Internet and World Wide Web standards and products
Extranet
Network that links selected resources of the intranet with customers, suppliers, or other business partners
Virtual private network (VPN)
Secure connection between two points on the Internet
Tunneling
VPNs transfer information by encapsulating traffic in IP packets and sending the packets over the Internet
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition

53. Net Issues Management issues Service and speed issues
No centralized governing body controls the Internet
Service and speed issues
Traffic volume on company intranets is growing even faster than the Internet
Privacy, fraud, security, and unauthorized Internet sites
Unauthorized and unwanted Internet sites are also problems some companies face
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition

54. Summary Telecommunications Telecommunications media Network types
Electronic transmission of signals for communications, including telephone, radio, and television
Telecommunications media
Guided transmission media and wireless media
Network types
Personal area network (PAN)
Local area network (LAN)
Metropolitan area network (MAN)
Wide area network (WAN)
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition

55. Summary (continued) The Internet started with ARPANET
Internet service provider
Any company that provides access to the Internet
The Web
A collection of independently owned computers that work together as one
Web programming languages
Java, JavaScript, VBScript, ActiveX, and Hypertext Preprocessor
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition

56. Summary (continued) Intranet Extranet
Internal corporate network built using Internet and World Wide Web standards and products
Extranet
Network that links selected resources of the intranet of a company with its customers, suppliers, or other business partners
Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition