1. The Rebirth of Exploration and Settlement: 1754 - 1834

2. The Frontier Institutions Mission (21)Pueblo (7)Presidio (4) Spanish Colonial Organization

3. Missions A Christian church or outpost established in a remote area for the purpose of spreading Christianity to non- Christians. Jesuits and Franciscans Provided: Spiritual Guidance 1 st Mission: San Diego (1769) San Juan Capistrano

4. Santa Barbara San Juan Capistrano San Juan Bautista Great Stone Church

5. Pueblos A community of farmers and other civilians (village or town) Landowning Spaniards Provided: Food for missions and presidios 1 st Pueblo: San Jose (1776) Los Angeles

6. Presidios Military fort under the command of a Spanish officer Provided: protection for pueblos and missions within military districts 1 st Presidio: San Diego (1769) San Francisco

7. Defending the Spanish Empire The Seven Years’ War (1756 – 1763): –The first world war The French and Indian War (1754 – 1763): The last war for colonial power –Surrender of French Quebec and Spanish Cuba –Spanish loss of Florida (to regain Cuba) Last of the Mohicans

8. The Intercolonial Wars

9. Expulsion of the Jesuits (1767) Charles III of Spain and his distrust of the Jesuits Father Serra and the Franciscans Jose de Galvez –Revitalization of New Spain’s government –Mission: Organize expeditions to establish permanent settlements in Alta California

10. The Sacred Expedition Three by Sea –San Carlos (110 days to reach San Diego) –San Antonio (54 days to reach San Diego) –San Jose (Shipwrecked – no survivors) –30 men survived (over 2/3 died on expedition) Two by Land –Captain Rivera –Captain Portola & Father Serra 1 st mission & presidio in San Diego (1769) Establish settlements in San Diego and Monterey from Baja California

11. Father Serra’s Journey

12. The Baja California Mission Trail (1769)

13. The Struggle for Settlement Religious and Military Problems –Disorderly behavior of soldiers –Issue between soldiers and missionaries over mission locations Disputes With the Governor –Lack of support for mission maintenance and protection The Black Legend

14. Term coined by Julian Juderias in 1914 (La Leyenda Negra) to depict the Spanish as cruel, intolerant, and fanatical. Anti-Spanish protestant propaganda Elements of the Legend: –The Conquest of America (Conquista) –The Spanish Inquisition

15. The Spanish Inquisition The Reconquista – The 800-year war of Christians retaking Iberia (Spain & Portugal) from the Muslims Established by King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain (1478) Growing suspicion of recently converted Jews, Protestants, and Muslims. Estimated 150,000 prosecuted and 5,000 killed Hollywood’s Rendition

16. Cruelty of the Inquisition: The Fork

17. The Judas Cradle & Garrote

18. The Spike & Head Crusher

19. The Spanish Tickler

20. The Lead Sprinkler & Pear

21. The Saw & Thumb Screw

22. Support From the Viceroy Replacement of governor Creation of overland route from Sonora to Alta California Improvement of Supply System DeAnza’s 2 nd Expedition –Establishment of permanent settlement in San Francisco –Women and children

23. El Camino Real (1821)