1. BIOCONTROL OF MEDICALLY IMPORTANT INSECT PESTS
DR.P.K. SUMODAN
LECTURER IN ZOOLOGY
GOVT. COLLEGE, MADAPPALLY

3. MEDICALLY IMPORTANT INSECT PESTS
1. DISEASE TRANSMITTERS- VECTORS
Mosquitoes, sand flies, fleas, tsetse flies, black flies, head lice, reduviid bugs etc.
2. DIRECTLY HARMFUL
Nasal botflies, midges, blowflies, bed bugs, non-vector mosquitoes, ants, bees, wasps etc.

4. ANNUAL MORTALITY DUE TO INFECTIOUS AND PARASITIC DISEASES (WHO 2004) (Total = 109,04,000)

5. VECTORS AND DISEASES ORDER MEMBERS GENUS DISEASES DIPTERA MOSQUITOES
ANOPHELES
MALARIA
CULEX
FILARIA, J.E., WNE Etc.
AIDES
DENGUE, YELLOW FEVER
MANSONIA
FILARIA
BLACKFLIES
SIMULIUM
ONCHOCERCIASIS
SANDFLIES
PHLEBETOMUS
KALA AZAR
HOUSEFLIES
MUSCA
CHOLERA, DIARRHOEA
TSETSEFLIES
GLOSSINA
AFRICAN SLEEPING SICKNESS
PHTHIRAPTERA
HEAD LOUSE
PEDICULUS
TYPHUS
SIPHONAPTERA
FLEAS
XENOPSYLLA
PLAGUE
HEMIPTERA
REDUVIID BUGS
TRIATOMA,
PANSTRONGYLUS,
RHODNIUS
CHAGAS DISEASE

6. INSECTS CAUSING INJURY
ORDER
MEMBERS
HEALTH HAZARDS
DIPTERA
MOSQUITOES
SUCK BLOOD
BLOW FLIES
PAINFUL BITES
BITING MIDGES
NASAL BOTFLIES
MYASIS
HEMIPTERA
BEDBUGS
HYMENOPTERA
ANTS, WASPS, BEES
GENERAL INFLAMMATION (POISONOUS)

7. VECTOR CONTROL METHODS
CHEMICAL – D.D.T, MALATHION, SYNTHETIC PYROTHROIDS, FENTHION, TEMEPHOS, Etc.
BIOLOGICAL – FISHES, BACTERIA, FUNGI Etc.
ENVIRONMENTAL – SOURCE REDUCTION , INSECT PROOFING, Etc.

8. VECTORS AMENABLE TO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL
MOSQUITOES
BLACK FLIES

9. BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES
POTENTIAL BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENTS
FISHES, BACTERIA, FUNGI, VIRUSES, PROTOZOA, NEMATODES, MITES, INSECTS, SPIDERS, TURTLES, BIRDS, LIZARDS, BATS Etc.

10. MOSQUITO A PROFILE GENERA - 37 SPECIES - 3500 (APPROX)
VECTOR GENERA - 8
VECTOR SPECIES (APPROX)
NUMBER OF DISEASES
TRANSMITTED - 50 (APPROX)

11. BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENTS IN USE
FISHES
GAMBUSIA AFFINIS
POECILIA RETICULATA
APLOCHEILUS BLOCKI
APLOCHEILUS PANCHAX
APLOCHEILUS LINEATUS
OREOCHROMIS MOSSAMBICUS
DANIO AEQUIPINNATUS
MACROPODUS CUPANUS .
BACTERIA
BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS
BACILLUS SPHAERICUS

12. FEEDING EFFICACY OF SOME INDIGENOUS FISHES (SUMODAN & KUMAR 1998)
Fish species
Average length (cm)
Daily av. Consumption of larvae/fish
Aplocheilus blocki
3.8
102.6
Aplocheilus lineatus
4.8
225.4
Rasbora daniconius
6.8
464.3
Puntius vittatus
3.7
154.4
Puntius amphibious
7.4
237.4
Puntius melanampyx
2.7
164.8
Danio aequipinnatus
6.1
191.8
Macropodus cupanus
3.6
189.4

13. PREFERRED QUALITIES OF LARVIVOROUS FISHES
SMALL IN SIZE
SURFACE FEEDERS
NON EDIBLE
HARDY
EASY TO CULTURE
CARNIVOROUS
INDIGENOUS

14. GAMBUSIA AFFINIS

15. APLOCHEILUS BLOCKI

16. RASBORA DANICONIUS

17. POECILIA RETICULATA

18. IMPACT OF INTRODUCTION OF APLOCHEILUS BLOCKI ON ANOPHELES STEPHENSI IN GOA DURING (Kumar et al 1998)

19. BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS

20. BACILLUS SPHAERICUS

21. BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS
ISOLATION – 1976
IMPORTANT VARIETY –
BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS ISRAELENSIS
TARGET STAGE – LARVAE
MODE OF ENTRY – INGESTION
PATHOLOGY – LYSIS OF MIDGUT CELLS, LEAKAGE OF DIGESTIVE JUICES INTO HAEMOCOEL.

22. BACILLUS SPHAERICUS ISOLATION – 1978 IMPORTANT VARIETY –
BACILLUS SPHAERICUS H5a, 5b
TARGET STAGE – LARVAE
MODE OF ENTRY – INGESTION
PATHOLOGY – SWELLING OF MIDGUT WALL, DAMAGE TO MIDGUT
SYMPTOMS – TREMORS, SLUGGISH.

23. IMPACT OF WEEKLY SPRAYING OF BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS ISRAELENSIS IN GOA DURING (Kumar et al 1998)

24. BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF BLACK FLIES (VECTOR OF ONCHOCERCIASIS)
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENT: BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS ISRAELENSIS
USE: WEST AFRICA FROM : 5 MILLION LITRES AGAINST SIMULIUM DAMNOSUM
IN BRAZIL AGAINST S. PERTINAX

25. POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE ASPECTS OF FISHES
POSITIVE: NON POLLUTANT, MOSQUITOES DO NOT DEVELOP RESISTANCE, LESS EXPENSIVE, LONG LASTING
NEGATIVE: EXOTIC SPECIES MAY DISTROY INDIGENOUS FAUNA, NOT SUITABLE FOR POLLUTED WATER, NOT EFFECTIVE IN HABITATS WITH VEGETATION

26. POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE ASPECTS OF BACTERIA
POSITIVE: NON TOXIC, SPECIFICITY
NEGATIVE: EXORBITANTLY EXPENSIVE ( COMPARED TO TEMEPHOS IT IS 100 TIMES COSTLIER)
NOT SUITABLE FOR POTABLE WATER SOURCES, CUMBERSOME APPLICATION

27. THANK YOU