1. Chapter 4 Rights and Responsibilities
American Civics
4/20/2017
Chapter 4 Rights and Responsibilities
Section 1: The Bill of Rights
Section 2: Guaranteeing Other Rights
Section 3: Citizens’ Duties and Responsibilities
Chapter 4

2. Section 1: The Bill of Rights
The Main Idea
The freedoms spelled out in the Bill of Rights—the freedoms of religion, speech, the press, and petition, and the right to a speedy and fair trial—are essential to our democratic system.
Reading Focus
Why was the Bill of Rights added to the Constitution?
How does the First Amendment protect personal freedoms?
What other rights does the Bill of Rights guarantee?

3. The Bill of Rights Section 1: The Bill of Rights
Americans wanted their rights written into the Constitution.
Several states recommended that a bill of rights be drafted upon ratification of the Constitution.
1791—The Bill of Rights became part of the Constitution.

4. The First Amendment protects personal freedoms.
Section 1: The Bill of Rights
The First Amendment protects personal freedoms.
Freedom of religion
Freedom of speech
Freedom of the press
Freedom of assembly
Freedom of petition

5. Freedom of Religion “Congress shall make no law respecting an
establishment of religion,”
Separation of Church & State- Division between government and religion

6. Freedom of Speech “Congress shall make no law . . . abridging
(limiting) the freedom of speech.”
Can criticize government officials
Not an absolute freedom
Clear and present danger
The government can prevent an act of free speech if it is linked to an unlawful act

7. Freedom of the Press
“Congress shall make no law Abridging the freedom of the press.”
The right to express one’s ideas and opinions in writing
Press includes
Electronic Media
Books & other written materials
TV & Radio
Libel
Rumors that damage a person’s reputationi
Lies that may harm another person
Americans do not have this right

8. Freedom of Assembly
“Congress shall make no law abridging . . .the right of the people peaceably to assemble.”
Can attend public meetings

9. Freedom of Petition
“Congress shall make no law abridging. . . the right of the people to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.” You have the right to ask the government to address your concerns.

10. People may not use freedom of speech to cause panic
freedoms of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition
People may not use freedom of speech to
cause panic
People may not write falsehoods that damage a person’s reputation (libel)
Assemblies must be peaceful.

11. Other rights guaranteed under the Bill of Rights include:
Section 1: The Bill of Rights
Other rights guaranteed under the Bill of Rights include:
Second—Right to bear arms
Fourth—Protection from unreasonable search and seizure of private property
Fifth—Right to a fair trial and due process of law; right to own property
Sixth—Right of the accused to a have a lawyer
Eighth—Forbids cruel and unusual punishment
Ninth—States that not all rights are listed in the Constitution

12. 2nd Amendment- The Right to Bear Arms
To ensure that state militias would continue as an armed means of defense and to ensure that individual citizens had a right to own a firearm
In the 1790s big national armies were not trusted & much of the Rev. War fighting had been done by the state militias. These same militias also defended against attacks from Indians.
Today, the language of the Second Amendment is frequently the source of heated debate.

13. Third Amendment
prohibits the quartering of soldiers without permission.
Why? British soldiers could enter homes and force colonists to quarter them, or to give them housing and food

14. Rights of the Accused (4th-8th)
protect citizens from abuses in the criminal justice system
establish codes of conduct for the police and the courts
Some of our most cherished legal protections

15. Fourth Amendment
protects citizens from unreasonable searches and seizures
In many cases, a search is considered reasonable only if a judge issues a warrant authorizing it.
A search warrant is a legal document that describes the place to be searched and the people or items to be seized
issued only if there is good reason to believe that evidence of a crime will be found
Under some circumstances, however, police officers are allowed to conduct searches without a warrant.
danger to public safety
Criminal activity is involved

17. right to bear arms
no forced quartering of troops
no unreasonable searches and seizures
A judge may issue a search warrant if there is reason to believe that evidence of a crime may be found

18. Fifth Amendment Before a person can be tried for a serious crime
grand jury must indict-- formally accuse
decides if there is enough evidence to go to trial
protects an accused person from hasty government action
self-incrimination-- having to testify against oneself
Continued…

19. Fifth Amendment Continued
double jeopardy-- being tried twice for the same crime
no person can be denied life, liberty, or property without due process of law
person cannot be punished for a crime until the law has been fairly applied
our government must act within the law
Continued….

20. Fifth Amendment Continued
“nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.”
the government cannot take private property without giving the owner fair payment for it
it does give the government the right of eminent domain, the power to take private property for public use
allows government officials to force property owners to sell their land to the government at what is determined to be a fair price

21. Sixth Amendment
provides that a person accused of a crime has the right to a prompt and public trial decided by a jury
People accused of a crime must be informed of the charges against them
The right to hear and question all witnesses against them, and to have their own witnesses testify as well
The right to an attorney

22. The government may take citizens’ prop-
requires indictment, a grand jury, and due process of law for accused person; protects from self-incrimination and double jeopardy; guarantees right to property
an accused person has a right to a prompt, public trial, to be informed of charges, to hear and question witnesses, and to have a lawyer
The government may take citizens’ prop-
erty for the public good and with just
compensation.

23. Seventh Amendment
provides for a trial by jury in certain kinds of cases involving money or property

24. Eighth Amendment
To ensure that people accused of crimes appear for trial, judges can order them to pay bail
Bail is money or property that the accused gives the court to hold.
the person is released from jail
get the money back is to show up for trial.
the courts cannot set excessive bail.
forbids cruel and unusual punishment.

25. Rights of States and Citizens (9 & 10)
To ensure that Americans would enjoy other rights and freedoms not mentioned in the Bill of Rights
Ninth Amendment-- implies that Americans enjoy basic rights not listed in the Constitution.
Tenth Amendment– deals with powers not specifically given to the federal government by the Constitution nor forbidden to the states by the Constitution
These powers belong either to the states or to the people

26. The people have other basic rights not listed in the Constitution
provides for a trial by jury in some cases involving money or property
requires reasonable bail and forbids “cruel and unusual” punishment
The people have other basic rights not listed in the Constitution
All powers not expressly given to the federal government nor forbidden to the states by the Constitution are reserved for the states or the people

27. Section 1 The Bill of Rights
Question: What rights are guaranteed by the Bill of Rights?
The Bill of Rights
Separation of church and state
The inclusion of rights not specifically listed in the Constitution
Freedom of the press
Freedom of speech
Freedom of petition
Freedom of assembly
No quartering of soldiers
The right to bear arms
Protection for those accused
Protection from unreasonable search and seizure

28. Section 2: Guaranteeing Other Rights
The Main Idea
Other amendments to the Constitution expanded the civil rights of Americans.
Reading Focus
How did the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments extend civil rights?
Which amendments extended Americans’ voting rights?

29. Civil Rights Section 2: Guaranteeing Other Rights
The Thirteenth Amendment outlawed slavery in the United States in1865.
The Fourteenth Amendment granted full citizenship to African Americans in 1868 and protected citizens against unfair actions by state governments.

30. Fourteenth Amendment granted full citizenship to African Americans
declared that no state could take away a citizen’s “life, liberty, or property, without due process of law.”

31. civil rights
Fourteenth Amendment
Thirteenth Amendment
Civil War

32. Amendments Extend Voting Rights
Voting is one of the most basic principles of citizenship
the Constitution mentioned nothing about voting rights.
Between 1870 and 1971, a series of six constitutional amendments extended suffrage, the right to vote, to all U.S. citizens

33. Fifteenth Amendment
no one could be denied suffrage because of race or color
applied only to African American men
Many former Confederate states passed laws to keep African Americans from voting

34. Seventeenth Amendment
Under Article I, Section 3 of the Constitution, citizens of each state did not elect their senators. Instead, each state’s legislature elected that state’s senators
direct election of senators
senators answerable to the voters and not to other politicians.

35. Nineteenth Amendment gave all women the right to vote
Susan B. Anthony, Carrie Chapman Catt, Lucretia Mott, and Elizabeth Cady Stanton led the women’s suffrage movement

36. Voting Rights Section 2: Guaranteeing Other Rights
American Civics
4/20/2017
Section 2: Guaranteeing Other Rights
Voting Rights
1870 – The Fifteenth Amendment guaranteed the right to vote to African American men.
1913 – The Seventeenth Amendment gave voters power to elect their senators.
1920 – The Nineteenth Amendment granted suffrage to women.
The Fifteenth Amendment (Amendment XV) to the United States Constitution prohibits the federal and state governments from denying a citizen the right to vote based on that citizen's "race, color, or previous condition of servitude." It was ratified on February 3, 1870, as the third and last of the Reconstruction Amendments.
From 1890 to 1910, most black voters in the South were effectively disenfranchised by new state constitutions and state laws incorporating such obstacles as poll taxes and discriminatory literacy tests, from which white voters were exempted by grandfather clauses. A system of whites-only primaries and violent intimidation by white groups also suppressed black participation.
Chapter 4

37. Voting Rights (continued)
Section 2: Guaranteeing Other Rights
Voting Rights (continued)
1961 – The Twenty-third Amendment gave citizens of Washington, D.C., the right to vote for president and vice president.
1964 – The Twenty-fourth Amendment forbade poll taxes.
1971 – The Twenty-sixth Amendment lowered the voting age to 18.

38. Amendments that Extended Voting Rights
Section 2
Question: Which amendments extended Americans’ voting rights?
Amendments that Extended Voting Rights
Fifteenth Amendment
Seventeenth Amendment
Nineteenth Amendment
Twenty-third Amendment
Twenty-fourth Amendment
Twenty-sixth Amendment

39. Seventeenth Amendment
Fifteenth Amendment
Seventeenth Amendment
suffrage
president and vice president
poll tax
Twenty-sixth Amendment
Lucretia Mott
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Susan B. Anthony
Carrie Chapman Catt

40. Section 3: Citizens’ Duties and Responsibilities
The Main Idea
Along with the rights and freedoms of U.S. citizenship come important duties and responsibilities.
Reading Focus
What are the duties of citizenship?
What are the responsibilities of citizenship?

41. Duties of citizenship:
Section 3: Citizens’ Duties and Responsibilities
Duties of citizenship:
Obeying the law
Attending school
Paying taxes
Serving in the armed forces
Appearing in court

42. Obeying the Law Attending School It is your duty to know the Laws
Mandatory until age 16
Educated Citizens

43. Paying Taxes Income, sales, property, and more taxes
Taxes provide money to the government in turn the government
operates
Provides services
National security and defense

44. Serving in the Armed Forces
Volunteers
When the country has needed huge numbers of soldiers, it sometimes has had to establish a draft.
Draft laws (conscription)– require men of certain ages and qualifications to serve in the military
18yr old men must register with the selective service
Americans not fighting still participate
Food and goods are rationed (limited by law) at times
Pick up the slack at home

45. Appearing in Court
Citizens must report to serve as members of a jury (Jury Duty)
Citizens must also testify in court if called as a witness.

46. Guided Reading QuestionsC D B

47. Responsibilities of Citizenship
Section 3: Citizens’ Duties and Responsibilities
Responsibilities of Citizenship
Voting
Being informed
Taking part in government
Helping your community
Respecting and protecting others’ rights

48. Our government is based on the consent of the governed.
Voting
Our government is based on the consent of the governed.
If you do not vote, you leave the decision to others
Let your legislators know when we approve or disapprove of their actions

49. Taking Part in Government
Being Informed
Be informed of candidates, current events, and key issues.
Taking Part in Government
Political Parties
Be a leader
Educate others
Run for office

50. Helping Your Community
Volunteer
Respecting & Protecting Other’s Rights
Know your own rights
Help protect the rights of others

51. respecting others’ rights taking part in government
Section 3
Question: What are the responsibilities of citizenship?
Responsibilities of Citizenship
voting
respecting others’ rights
being informed
helping the community
taking part in government

52. A B A A B

53. Chapter 4 Wrap-Up
1. Which amendments focus on the rights of people accused of crimes? What rights do these amendments guarantee?
2. Why was the Ninth Amendment included in the Bill of Rights?
3. How did the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments extend the civil rights of Americans?
4. How have voting rights been expanded through constitutional amendments?
5. What are the duties of citizenship?
6. What are the responsibilities of citizenship?