1. TEACHER NOTES  This PPT was revised June 6, 2006.  This PPT is to be used as an Introduction to Cells in Semester 1 in the Energy Conversion Unit. This same (or similar) ppt is also to be used to review cells at the beginning of the Kingdoms Unit.  There is a TEKS handout to accompany this PPT. It may be used for regular if desired.  The last slide starts an optional assignment that has students make cell drawings and then add to the diagram unit by unit.

2. INTRODUCTION TO CELLS Pages 169 – 183 in Textbook

3. History of the Cell Robert Hooke, 1665 Anton von Leeuwenhoek, 1674 Matthias Schleiden, 1838 Theodor Schwann, 1839 Rudolph Virchow, 1855 Janet Plowe, 1931

4. Robert Hooke naturalist, philosopher, inventor, architect.... (July 18, 1635 - March 3, 1703) In 1665 Robert Hooke publishes his book, Micrographia, which contains his drawings of sections of cork as seen through one of the first microscopes (shown at right). He was the first person to use the term “cells”.

5. Anton van Leeuwenhoek 1632-1723 In 1673 Anton van Leeuwenhook perfects the simple microscope and observes cells and microorganisms. He discovered bacteria in 1674 and four years later, he discovers protozoa.

6. Matthias Schleiden all plants are made of cells Cell Theory Theodore Schwann all animals are made of cells Rudolf Virchow all cells came from pre-existing cells

7. Cell Theory all living things are made up of cells cells are the basic units of structure and function in an organism new cells are produced from existing cells Matthias Schleiden concluded that all plants are made of cells (1838) Theodore Schwann concluded that all animals are made of cells (1839) Rudolf Virchow concluded that all cells came from pre-existing cells (1855)

8. Cell Specialization Cells in organisms are specialized to perform different tasks. Photos from Biology, Prentice Hall Red Blood Cells Muscle Cells Stomata

9. Multicellular organisms are arranged from simple to complex according to their level of cellular grouping. celltissueorganorgan system organism The Levels of Organization

10. LevelFunctionExample  What is the benefit of being made of all of these cells? Nervous System Brain Nervous Tissue Neuron Levels of Organization Organ system Organ Tissues Cells Different organs function together Different tissues function together Similar cells function together Cells can perform special jobs

11. Cell Types PROKARYOTE  No nucleus  No membrane-bound organelles  Small ribosomes  Most cells are 1 -10 μm in size  Evolved 3.5 billion years ago  Found only in Archaebacteria and Eubacteria Kingdoms EUKARYOTE  Has nucleus  Many organelles  Larger ribosomes  Cells can be between 2 - 1,000 μm in size  Evolved 1.5 billion years ago  Includes Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia Kingdoms

12. Cell Type: Prokaryotes  Prokaryotes, which includes all bacteria, are the simplest cellular organisms. They have genetic material but no nucleus. Typical bacteria cell Bacteria cells

13. Cell Types: Eukaryotes  Eukaryotic cells contain a membrane- bound nucleus and numerous membrane -enclosed organelles (e.g., mitochondria, lysosomes, Golgi apparatus) not found in prokaryotes.

14. Different Types of Cells  Prokaryotic  Eukaryotic no nucleus protists, fungi, plants, animals only in bacteria small small ribosomes larger ribosomes very small organellesno organelles nucleus no nucleus small ribosomes organellesno organelles nucleus protists, fungi, plants, animals only in bacteria small 2-1000  mvery small 1-10  m larger ribosomes

15. What Are the Parts of Cells  Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have some things in common.  All cells have ¤cell membrane ¤cytoplasm ¤ribosomes ¤nuclear material cytoplasmribosomesnuclear materialcell membrane

16. cytoplasm nucleus cell membrane chloroplast vacuole mitochondria cell wall ribosomes Parts of Cells cytoplasm: semi-liquid material that fills the cell (p. 175) nucleus: controls most cell processes, contains hereditary information (DNA) chloroplast: capture energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy (food), (photosynthesis occurs here) vacuole: sac-like structure that stores water, salts, foods, etc ribosomes: manufacture proteins mitochondria: convert chemical energy stored in food into ATP (cellular respiration occurs here) cell membrane: regulates what enters and leaves the cell, protection and support cell wall: outer layer in plant cells, support and protection

17. cytoplasm nucleus cell membrane chloroplast vacuole mitochondria cell wall ribosomes (p. 175) The Cell

18. Cell Membrane Mitochondria Chloroplast Endoplasmic Reticulum Nucleus Lysosome Golgi Body Vacuole Ribosome Cell Wall Cell Organelles  Animal  Plant

19. Cell Drawing Assignment  Turn to page 175 in the textbook.  Draw the outer shape of both the animal and plant cells on the paper provided by your teacher  For the outline, draw the cell membrane in both cells and the cell wall around the outside of the plant cell  Inside the cell include only the mitochondria and chloroplasts (label on drawing)

20. Works Cited  Red Blood Cells, Online Image June 5, 2006, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, http://www.cc.nih.gov/dtm/dtm_whole_blood.htm http://www.cc.nih.gov/dtm/dtm_whole_blood.htm  Stomata Online Image, June 5, 2006, Energy Biosciences Program http://www.sc.doe.gov/bes/eb/Highlights/CaOscillate/body_caos cillate.html http://www.sc.doe.gov/bes/eb/Highlights/CaOscillate/body_caos cillate.html  Skeletal Muscle Cell Online Image, June 5, 2006, Medline Plus, http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/imagepages/19495.ht m http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/imagepages/19495.ht m  Bacteria Cells Online Image, June 5, 2006, NASA Astrobiology Institute, http://nai.arc.nasa.gov/news_stories/news_detail.cfm?article=old /meaning_of_life.htm http://nai.arc.nasa.gov/news_stories/news_detail.cfm?article=old /meaning_of_life.htm

21. Works Cited  Eukaryotic & Prokaryotic Cell Online Images, June 5, 2006, NASA Astrobiology Institute, http://nai.arc.nasa.gov/news_stories/news_detail.cfm?article=old /domains.htm http://nai.arc.nasa.gov/news_stories/news_detail.cfm?article=old /domains.htm  Biology Curriculum Writing Team, Plano Independent School District