1. Scholarship Physical Education 2012 Workshop 3: Programmes for Performance Improvement specification Presented by Natasha Low (Epsom Girls Grammar School), Carla Elford (Western Springs College) and Chris Lynch (Unitec) Acknowledge contributions from Toni Bruce (University of Auckland) 2012. 2011 workshop facilitators: Chris Bright (Whangaparoa College) Margot Bowes & Dr Wayne Smith (University of Auckland).

2. Overview Specification outline Past questions Take a position – Are athletes made or born? Identify & challenge assumptions Content knowledge, points of view Group work – summative statement Back at school http://aucklandpenz.wikispaces.com/Scholarship+Workshops

3. 2012 Specification Programmes for performance improvement drawing upon knowledge underpinning achievement standards 90741 and 90742. 3.3 & 3.4 -Comprehensively and accurately appraise performance in a chosen physical activity before and after a performance improvement programme. -Critically evaluate the programme to improve performance. -Perform against national standards

4. 2011 - Critically evaluate the role of practice in the learning and development of motor skills. 2010 - Critically evaluate the suggestion that through the application of skill learning theory, unskilled people can be “fixed”. 2009 - Critically evaluate whether athletes are made or born. Past Questions

5. Biophysical and Socio-cultural factors influence performance

6. Performance Programmes – what makes them effective? Apply knowledge of: Biophysical factors Scientific knowledge used in an attempt to enhance performance. Sociocultural factors Factors linked to socialisation and culture can influence performance.

7. Are athletes made or born? Made Nurture Training Environment Bred vs Born Nature Genetic Inherited Innate

8. Kenyan long distance runners Q. What determines their elite performance? Source: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Berlin_marathon_2008_spitzengruppe97.JPG Kenyan runners in Berlin Marathon 2008. Photographer: Dirk Ingo Frankehttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Berlin_marathon_2008_spitzengruppe97.JPG

9. Kenyan long-distance runners Almost all come from a small part of Kenya in the Rift Valley Students run as much as 2 miles each way to school in the morning, home for lunch, back to school and home again Running is very highly valued Live at altitude so gain a training effect not by trying but just by living (Toni Bruce, University of Auckland)

10. Kenyan long-distance runners BUT media often attribute their success to genetics Where it is a combination of training effect (they live at altitude), culture (value running) and everyday life (they run everywhere as kids, not for training (Toni Bruce, University of Auckland) For further information see: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ke8UPYxDmD8 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ke8UPYxDmD8 Kenyans chasing Olympic dreams in the Great Rift Valley (1min 37sec) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3QApyq4bops http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3QApyq4bops Born to Run (13min 30sec)

11. Cross-country skiers Q. What determines their elite performance? Source: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Team_Sprint_Podium_Men_2006.jpghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Team_Sprint_Podium_Men_2006.jpg Cross-country skiing, 2006 Winter Olympics. (L-R) Russia, Sweden, Norway. By Bjarte Hetland.

12. Cross-country skiers Norwegian/Swedish/Russian Dominate Olympic cross-country competitions Countries with lots of snow Many people cross-country ski to work and for pleasure Cross-country skiing has high cultural value (Toni Bruce, University of Auckland)

13. Silver Fern success Can we relate any of these ideas to NZ’s success in Netball? Are we born with a ‘kiwi’ gene? Or nurtured by culture? What determines our success? http://www.stuff.co.nz/sport/photos/2953879/Silver-Ferns-win-Fastnet-goldhttp://www.stuff.co.nz/sport/photos/2953879/Silver-Ferns-win-Fastnet-gold 12/10/2009

14. Q. How might this contribute to performance improvement? Source: http://joeyi1234.blogspot.co.nz/2011/10/vo2-max-test.html VO 2 max testhttp://joeyi1234.blogspot.co.nz/2011/10/vo2-max-test.html

15. Q. How might this contribute to performance improvement? Source: http://www.eliteathletetraining.com/services Sprint parachutehttp://www.eliteathletetraining.com/services

16. Q. How does this technology contribute to performance? Q. How might it be developed? Source: http://nationalpostsports.tumblr.com/post/26491612830/oscar-pistorius-is- going-to-the-olympics-oscarhttp://nationalpostsports.tumblr.com/post/26491612830/oscar-pistorius-is- going-to-the-olympics-oscar

17. Q. How might these contribute to performance improvement? Created using “Wordle”Some factors influencing performance

18. Champions are made not born Matt Syed – table tennis champion Book title: “Bounce” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I1K6bOG8mj8

19. Are athletes made or born?

20. Create summative statement -Present your argument -Provide context to support your argument -Focus on issues in the argument that consider both sides 200 words In your planning -Challenge assumptions -Think critically -Consider the issues

21. Challenge assumptions Is this always true? On the other hand But, in some cases However,.. If you consider In spite of I believe (own position) In my experience It depends on.. It is suggested (by some) that

22. Back at school………. Go to the wiki: aucklandpenz.wikispaces.com – Read other groups’ summative statements – judge what makes each statement strong – Further resources Read some student exemplars (see handout) – What could be added - What is missing? - What is not needed? Look at assessment schedules & examiners reports Wider reading Attend to issues / comments around the Olympics – Olympics are a chance to test sport science hypotheses