1. Vocabulary Dynamo Interchangeable parts Anesthetic Assembly line
Stock corporation
Cartel
Germ theory
Urban renewal
Mutual-aid society
Standard of living
Cult of domesticity
Temperance movement
Women’s suffrage
Racism social gospel
Romanticism
Realism
Impressionism
Anesthetic
Enclosure
Smelt
Capital
Factory
Turnpike
Urbanization
Tenement building
Labor union
Utilitarianism
Socialism
Means of production
Communism
Proletariat

2. New Agricultural Revolution
20.1
New Agricultural Revolution
Farming
*Enclosure movement
Put small farmers off the land
Created a labor pool
*Improvements
Fertilize, mixed soils, seed drill and stronger horses
*Population Explosion
in Europe 120 million to 190 million
Due to declining death rate
*Energy
Coal used for steam power

3. Britain Leads The Way

4. Britain leads the way *Natural resources *Increased labor force
20.2
*Natural resources
Large supplies of coal and iron
*Increased labor force
Pop. increase and enclosure movement
*New technology
Enlightenment taught progress by technology
*Economic conditions
Trade accumulated capital
Increased pop. = increased demand
*Political & social conditions
Stable pro business government
Strong navy
Religious groups promoted hard work and thrift
HMS Victory is the only 18th Century ship of the line still to be found anywhere in the world

5. The Steam Engine

6. Changes in the textile industry
Putout system too slow
*Inventions
John Kay’s “flying shuttle” weaving
Steam locomotive Manchester to Liverpool
Steam boats Robert Fulton “paddle wheeler”
Steam freighters with iron hulls by 1880
The flying shuttle was thrown by a leaver that could be operated by one weaver.

7. Write a four or five sentence summary or your notes so far.

8. Hardships of Early Industrial life
20.3
Hardships of Early Industrial life
*Urbanization....People moving to the city
The poor forced to live in foul slums
No running water
No sanitation system
Diseases spread rapidly
Where home is a hovel, and dull we grovel, Forgetting the world is fair.

9. The Factory

10. Factory system made workers slaves to the machines
*Rigid discipline
12 to 16 hour shifts
Many job accidents and safety issues
*Women workers preferred
Adapted to machines easier
Easier to manage
Paid them less
“It is about half past five by our clock at home when we go in....We come out at seven by the mill. We never stop to take our meals, except at dinner.”

11. Child labor *Nimble fingered, quick moving and small
Leo 48 inches high, 8 years old. Picks up bobbins at 15 cents a day in Elk Cotton Mill.
*Nimble fingered, quick moving and small
Orphans used with official permission

12. The Working Class Protests were treated harshly
Forbidden to form labor movements
*Methodism spreads
Improvement through sober moral ways
Channel anger to social reform

13. *The New Middle Class Merchants, Inventors, Investors and Artisans
Believed in Laissez Faire
Believed the poor were lazy and/or ignorant
Should work their way up

14. Problems and Benefits of the Industrial Revolution
Low Pay, Unemployment, Dismal living conditions
*Benefits
More new factories created more jobs
Wages rose , workers could buy more
Cost of Railroad travel fell
Wealth was spread around more than ever

15. New Ways of Thinking Economics…*Laissez-faire
20.4
New Ways of Thinking
Economics…*Laissez-faire
Free market would level out
Iron law of wages…higher wages = bigger families = more labor = lower wages = more unemployment
Population
Would grow faster than the food supply
Did not happen and living conditions improved

16. New Social Ideas *Utilitarian *Socialism
The greatest happiness for the greatest number of people
*Socialism
People as a whole should own everything
Social Utopians
Self sufficient communities modeled after socialism
Robert Owen…built one in New Lanark, Scotland

17. Scientific Socialism *“Marxism”
Based on the scientific study of history by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels
The *bourgeoisie (the haves) always struggled with the *Proletariat (have nots)
Predicted that the Proletariat would eventually win and set up a classless communistic society
Weakness
By 1900 the standard of living of the Proletariat improved
Nationalism became more important than working class loyalty
Karl Marx,
The Communist Manifesto

18. Write a four or five sentence summary or your notes so far.

19. The industrial Revolution Spreads
22.1
The industrial Revolution Spreads
New powers, France, Germany and United States
*Caught up to Britain fast, Why?
Abundant supplies of coal and iron ore
Could follow Britain’s lead

20. *New methods of production
Interchangeable parts
Assembly line
Henry Ford
The first Ford…1896

21. Technology and industry
Steel , Henry Bessemer developed a process to purify iron.
Chemicals
Medicines, aspirin, perfumes, soaps, margarine and fertilizers.
Alfred Nobel invented dynamite
Electricity
*Edison’s light bulb illuminated whole cities
city life quickened
factories could produce after dark

22. Transportation
*Horseless carriage....Gottlieb Daimler (Auto) combined with Nikolaus Otto (internal combustion engine)
Orville and Wilbur Wright’s airplane 1903
1886: The first 4-wheeled automobile

23. Communications Telegraph.... Samuel Morse…. by 1860's undersea cable
Telephone...Alexander Bell 's
Telegraph Receiver
June 25, 1876
Centennial Exhibition
Philadelphia
Radio....Guglielmo Marconi

24. Write a four or five sentence summary or your notes so far.

25. New directions for Business
22.2
New directions for Business
*Monopolies or cartels....Controlled entire industries
Fixed prices, set productions quotas, divided up markets
Standard Oil Co. of Ohio...John D. Rockefeller
controlled oil wells, refineries, pipelines and stations
Called “Robber Barons”

26. Growth of Cities *Population doubled between 1800 and 1900….Why?
Death rate fell
Improved farming methods
Food storage and distribution methods
Improved medical advances

27. Medicine The link between germs and diseases “germ theory” proved
*Louis Pasteur...vaccine for rabies and pasteurization
Robert Koch identified the bacteria that caused TB
Hospitals
William Morton.... Anesthesia
*Florence Nightingale....sanitary measures
First school of nursing
Joseph Lister....antiseptics...prevent infections

28. The New City

29. Life in the cities Settlement shifts
Urban renewal...replacing medieval planning
Rich built nice neighborhoods on the edges
Poor crowded into slums near the factories
High crime rates, alcoholism
Improved slowly
*Developed sidewalks, sewers and skyscrapers
Had music halls, parks, museums, education and more

30. Working class struggles
Reforms
Mutual-aid societies to help sick or injured workers
All men could vote
Right to organize unions
*Passed laws regulating conditions in factories and mines
outlawed child labor
8 hour work day
disability insurance

31. Write a four or five sentence summary or your notes so far.

32. Changing attitudes *Social order changes
22.3
Changing attitudes
*Social order changes
Upper class....old nobility plus super-rich industrial and business families
High middle class....mid-level businessmen and professionals
Lower middle class....low-level businessmen and professionals
Low class....workers and peasants

33. Changing Values Social code *Women’s rights Universities expanded
Children are to be seen but not heard
Marriage for love and profit
Cult of domesticity...”home sweet home”
*Women’s rights
Broke professional and educational barriers
Suffrage faced intense opposition
women too emotional
should be protected from grubby politics
Universities expanded

34. New science of geology stirred religious debate
Neanderthal man discovered
This reconstruction depicts the adult male Neanderthal unearthed at the Amud cave site in Israel, who lived more than 50,000 years ago.

35. Darwinism…. all forms of life evolved over millions of years
Natural selection....the strong survive
*Social Darwinism
Applies natural selection to war and economics
Encourages racism
*Social Gospel....urged Christians to do social service
Salvation Army..1878
Charles Darwin
On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection. Published in 1859

36. Changes in the arts *Romanticism...sought to excite strong emotions
22.4
Changes in the arts
*Romanticism...sought to excite strong emotions
Bold artwork, romantically disturbed heroes and strong composers
The orchestra took shape in the early 1800's
Beethoven...strong emotional symphonies
Ludwig van Beethoven ( )

37. Realism verses Photography
Taken in 1839
Realism...represent the world as it was
1840's....photography created a new art form that was very realistic
*Gives rise to impressionists
Painters did not blend brush strokes
Claude Monet

38. Into The 1900’s
The End