1. The Crusades Plymstock School History Department Part V – Your training and Journey to the Holy Land

2. Learning ObjectivesLearning Outcomes

3. Learning objectives Using this simulation: You will learn more about your training as a Crusader, the order of Crusaders you belong too and your preparations you will be able to create your account of your travels to The Holy Land You will be able to understand how important Jerusalem was to both Christians and Muslims

4. Your Crusader Training Get out you Crusader Character Sheet. Keep a record of your journey and your changing fortunes by filling out the table round by round

5. Why is Jerusalem so important? Why is Jerusalem so important? Friday is the most important day in the Moslem week. It is a day of prayer and in Jerusalem Moslems stream to the Temple Mount to worship. The Temple Mount is dominated by the Dome of the Rock, built over 1,300 years ago. An immense rotunda, decorated with magnificent golden mosaics and surmounted by a golden dome, stands over a bare rock. This is the Foundation Stone, the rock where, for Jews, Christians and Moslems, heaven and earth meet. It is the rock on which Abraham is said to have been ready to sacrifice his son: Ishmael, according to the Koran, Ishmael's brother Isaac according to the Bible. It is the rock from which Mohammed is said to have made a miraculous night flight to heaven.

6. On Friday, 15 July 1099, shortly after midday prayers, a twenty-one-year-old Norman knight called Tancred burst on to the Mount with a band of heavily armed men. The Crusaders had reached their goal. After three years of marches and battles, and having lost perhaps four out of every five who left Europe, they had arrived to protect the Holy Places of Jerusalem. Tancred and his men smashed their way into the Dome of the Rock and stripped it of 'more than forty silver candelabra, each of them weighing 3,600 drams, and a great silver lamp weighing forty-four Syrian' pounds, as well as a hundred and fifty smaller silver candelabra and more than twenty gold ones, and a great deal more booty'. The Moslems fled into the other great structure on the Mount, the al-Aqsa Mosque. There they surrendered, promising a great ransom for their lives and accepting Tancred's banner as the symbol of his protection. Before the sun set, Tancred's flag, hoisted by Moslems, was flying over the most sacred site In Jerusalem. The following morning the Crusaders re-entered the al-Aqsa Mosque and slaughtered every Moslem sheltering there. No one knows how many died; the Moslem chronicler reports seventy thousand. One of the Crusaders reports picking his way through a mess of blood and bodies more than knee-deep. The impact of that conquest and that slaughter still reverberates. It began the strange history of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - a kingdom which lasted for almost two hundred years and which transformed the worlds of Christianity and Islam. Now however, the Moslems have reconquered Jerusalem and your some duty is to recapture Gods City……………….

7. First Rolls R1 R6R5 R4 R2 R3 The Popes sermon, urging Christians to take the Cross and fight to regain the Holy Land

8. Round I You have a cheap and calm crossing of the Channel Wealth +5 Stamina +3 Faith +4 Luck +2 Intelligence 0 Literacy 0 Army 0

9. Round II Sea sickness and an expensive journey across the Channel make a bad start to your Crusade Wealth -8 Stamina -2 Faith Luck -2 Intelligence 0 Literacy 0 Army -2

10. Round III Poor winds make for a slow crossing of the Channel

11. Round IV Fog leaves you lost in the Channel, and without strong winds your crossing takes three long days Wealth -5 Stamina -3 Faith -2 Luck -3 Intelligence 0 Literacy 0 Army -3

12. Round V Strong southerly winds take you across The Channel in six hours landing at Calais where the mayor greets you as a hero Wealth -5 Stamina +2 Faith +3 Luck +3 Intelligence 0 Literacy 0 Army 0

13. Round VI Westerly winds cause your boat to sail towards Burgundy near Germany. This makes your journey to Europe longer and your march south further Wealth -5 Stamina -4 Faith -2 Luck -2 Intelligence 0 Literacy 0 Army -2

14. Second Rolls R1 R6R5 R4 R2 R3 Crossing the English Channel to Northern Europe to begin your journey south to the Mediterranean Sea

15. round I King Richard and Phillip, King of France agree to help each other in every way Wealth +2 Stamina +2 Faith +3 Luck +3 Intelligence +2 Literacy 0 Army 0

16. Round II King Richard comes to a bridge over the River Rhone. It collapses and many men fall into the river Wealth Stamina -2 Faith -3 Luck -3 Intelligence -2 Literacy 0 Army -3

17. Round III Traveling with King Phillips Army, you and many other Crusaders suffer from disease Wealth -2 Stamina -3 Faith +3 Luck -4 Intelligence -3 Literacy 0 Army -4

18. ROUND IV Your journey to Marseilles on the Mediterranean is interrupted by an outbreak of Plague. Wealth +10 Stamina -15 Faith -10 Luck -10 Intelligence 0 Literacy 0 Army -10

19. Round V Your journey continues well. Many locals join you on your Crusade gaining you a reputation as a leading Crusader Wealth +20 Stamina +10 Faith +10 Luck +10 Intelligence +2 Literacy +2 Army +20

20. ROUND VI An outbreak of plague and bad weather leaves you and other Crusaders camped outside the city of Monaco for four weeks, waiting for the plague orders to be lifted Wealth -15 Stamina -20 Faith -10 Luck -10 Intelligence +2 Literacy +2 Army -10

21. Third Roll R1 R6R5 R4 R2 R3

22. ROUND I Richard sails from Marseilles to Messina in Sicily. Fighting breaks out in the city Wealth -20 Stamina -10 Faith -10 Luck -10 Intelligence +5 Literacy +5 Army -5

23. Round II In Sicily, Richards mean are badly treated and some are killed Wealth -10 Stamina -10 Faith -10 Luck -15 Intelligence +2 Literacy +5 Army -10

24. Round III You travel through Italy, stopping in Rome to receive a blessing from the Pope Wealth -10 Stamina -10 Faith +20 Luck -10 Intelligence +5 Literacy +5 Army +10

25. ROUND IV Due to hunger some Crusaders rob and steal their way across Italy earning the hatred of locals Wealth -10 Stamina -5 Faith -10 Luck 0 Intelligence +5 Literacy +5 Army -5

26. Round V Your ship is blessed by the Cardinal of Nice before setting sail. Your journey is a smooth and quick one reassuring everyone involved that God supports your mission and is guiding you Wealth -10 Stamina +5 Faith +10 Luck +10 Intelligence +5 Literacy +5 Army +5

27. ROUND VI Sailing eastwards your vessels has to battle Muslim pirates from North Africa. Failure to defeat the pirates will leave you as a slave, if you win however all their treasures will be yours to spend or donate to the Crusade Wealth 0 Stamina -10 Faith -10 Luck +5 Intelligence +5 Literacy -5 Army -5

28. Fourth Rolls R1 R6R5 R4 R2 R3 Crusaders arriving in Constantinople on way to the Holy Land

29. ROUND I Some of Richards ships reach Cyprus, and are wrecked on poorly mapped reefs around the island. Locals kill many exhausted survivors Wealth -20 Stamina -20 Faith -10 Luck -15 Intelligence +5 Literacy +5 Army -10

30. ROUND II Richards main fleet arrives in Cyprus and the island is captured quickly with little loss of life Wealth +50 Stamina +10 Faith +15 Luck +10 Intelligence +10 Literacy +5 Army -2

31. ROUND III Storms wreck many Crusading ships on their way to the Holy Land. You barely make it alive, landing on a desolate strip of coast Wealth -15 Stamina -20 Faith -10 Luck -20 Intelligence 0 Literacy 0 Army -15

32. ROUND IV A poorly working compass slows your journey, making you arrive late, well behind the main advance of the Crusader army. Wealth -10 Stamina -15 Faith -10 Luck -10 Intelligence +2 Literacy +2 Army -5

33. Round v Rotten supplies and stagnant drinking water lead to scurvy and disease amongst crew and Crusaders on your journey Wealth -10 Stamina -20 Faith -10 Luck -10 Intelligence -10 Literacy +2 Army -15

34. Round VI Landing in the Byzantine Empire you are welcomed into the City of Constantinople. Here thousands of Crusaders go on a rampage burning and looting the city of its treasures. Crusaders are paid a fortune to leave Wealth +25 Stamina +10 Faith -12 Luck 0 Intelligence -10 Literacy +5 Army +3

35. Fifth Rolls R1 R6R5 R4 R2 R3 Attacking the City of Acre by Sea

36. Round i In the battle for Acre the Turks fought bravely to defeat Richard, but you and he survive to win when a second attempt is made Wealth +10 Stamina +1 Faith +10 Luck +5 Intelligence +5 Literacy +5 Army 0

37. Round II The Turks surrender to Richard's army at Acre. They have poor supplies and see that Richard is well prepared to lay siege to them Wealth +20 Stamina +5 Faith +10 Luck +5 Intelligence +10 Literacy +2 Army +7

38. Round iii The siege is long and hard through the incredibly heat of the summer. Little shade makes the task of taking the city incredibly hard Wealth -20 Stamina -20 Faith -10 Luck -10 Intelligence +10 Literacy +2 Army -20

39. Round iv Siege Towers and Trebuchets are constructed to scare the Turks into surrendering. It only takes one firing to convince the Turks to give in. Wealth -30 Stamina 0 Faith +10 Luck - Intelligence +20 Literacy +20 Army 0

40. Round v Acre is captured after a long and destructive siege. No sooner have you captured the city and prayed in the church then you start the reconstruction of the city Wealth -30 Stamina -30 Faith +10 Luck +10 Intelligence +10 Literacy +5 Army 0

41. Round vi After securing the city of Acre following a long and bloody siege you witness King Richard ordering the slaughter of prisoners captured in the city Wealth 0 Stamina 0 Faith -30 Luck 0 Intelligence -20 Literacy 0 Army 0

42. Sixth Rolls R1 R6R5 R4 R2 R3

43. Round I On the march to Jerusalem many men collapsed with the heat and tiredness. Water is rationed due to limited availability. A desperate attack to capture a nearby oasis is just successful Wealth -10 Stamina -30 Faith -10 Luck +20 Intelligence +10 Literacy 0 Army -40

44. Round II The Turks continue to make raids on Richards’s army, slowing down the journey and leaving you with wounded to tend to. Wealth -10 Stamina -20 Faith +10 Luck -20 Intelligence 0 Literacy 0 Army -20

45. Round III Your journey to Jerusalem is made easier by gaining a place on a warship as it sails down the coast of the Holy Land. When you arrive you will have a much shorter march than those who have traveled all the way from Acre Wealth -10 Stamina -10 Faith +10 Luck +10 Intelligence 0 Literacy 0 Army -5

46. Round IV Villages are a mixture of those e who welcome you as Christians, whilst others are Muslims who are wary of helping you should the Muslims defeat you Wealth -10 Stamina -10 Faith +10 Luck +10 Intelligence 0 Literacy 0 Army -5

47. Round V Advance parties of Crusaders succeed in capturing a series of oasis on the route to Jerusalem. These garrisons ensure that not only are you well fed and watered, but that less food is reaching the Muslim garrison in Jerusalem Wealth +10 Stamina +20 Faith +10 Luck +20 Intelligence +10 Literacy 0 Army +10

48. Round VI Storms on the journey down the coast of the Holy land send you as far south as Egypt. You land in the Sinai (in modern Egypt), land of the Malmuk Sultans. Your journey across the Sinai desert to the Holy land will be a dangerous and slow one Wealth -20 Stamina -15 Faith -10 Luck +20 Intelligence +5 Literacy +5 Army -10

49. Seventh Rolls R1 R6R5 R4 R2 R3

50. Round i The Turks start a non-stop attack on Richards army and kill many. The fighting continues all the way down the coast, with Richard and his army trapped with the sea to their right and the Turk dominated dunes to their left Wealth -20 Stamina -30 Faith -20 Luck -20 Intelligence -5 Literacy 0 Army -40

51. Round II Richard leads a charge and the Turkish army is beaten. Surely their can be little left in the way of Turk forces on the route to Jerusalem Wealth -10 Stamina -20 Faith +10 Luck +10 Intelligence 0 Literacy 0 Army -20

52. Round III In a battle with the Turks you see many Crusaders die horrible deaths at the hands of the Turks. You also know that King Richard has ordered the killing of many Muslim soldiers who have surrendered Wealth -10 Stamina -30 Faith -20 Luck +10 Intelligence 0 Literacy 0 Army -30

53. Round IV King Richard is reported missing during a battle with the Turks. Panic breaks out amongst the Crusaders. Only the arrival of a relief force allows the battle to be won Wealth -10 Stamina -10 Faith -10 Luck 0 Intelligence 0 Literacy 0 Army -20

54. Round V Relations between the various Kings leading the Crusades lead to mistrust and rivalry on the final approaches to the city. You begin to wonder if personal glory rather than faith is motivating not only your leaders but many Crusaders as well. More and more people are talking about the fabulous riches that await the conquerors of Gods city Wealth -20 Stamina -20 Faith -10 Luck -10 Intelligence 0 Literacy 0 Army -10

55. Round VI Your final approach to the city is a worrying one. A Muslim army keeps in constant touch with your patrols, often being seen on the dunes to your left, whilst Muslim Galley’s sail along the coast to your right. You are sandwiched between the enemy and the sea. Only the arrival by sea of more soldiers enables you to see off the Muslim army and clear the sea of their ships.

56. Eighth Rolls R1 R6R5 R4 R2 R3

57. Round i The Crusaders are pleased they will soon reach Jerusalem and get ready to attack it. Favourable weather leaves you feeling that God is watching over you Wealth -10 Stamina -10 Faith +20 Luck 0 Intelligence +3 Literacy +5 Army -5

58. Round II Arguments between the Crusaders lead to Richard having to use brutal force against his own men to restore order Wealth -10 Stamina -10 Faith -20 Luck 0 Intelligence -10 Literacy 0 Army -5

59. Round III You succeed in defeating a major Muslim force on the route to Jerusalem attempting to reinforce the soldiers in Jerusalem. The capture of several Arabian stallions ensures that the remaining part of the journey is smooth Wealth +20 Stamina -2 Faith +10 Luck +10 Intelligence +5 Literacy 0 Army -5

60. Round IV On the final stage of your journey your force intercepts a column of slow moving Malmuk Muslim soldiers heading from Jerusalem to the Malmuk Sultan in Cairo. It was carting treasure from Jerusalem to the Sultan in return for military assistance in fighting the Crusaders Wealth +50 Stamina +10 Faith +10 Luck +20 Intelligence +5 Literacy 0 Army -5

61. Round v On the final stage of your journey your force intercepts a column of slow moving Malmuk Muslim soldiers heading from Jerusalem to the Malmuk Sultan in Cairo. You are amazed to see the looting of the treasure train and the murder of surrendering soldiers. You see many Crusaders leaving for the coast to journey back to Europe with their treasure Wealth +30 Stamina -10 Faith -40 Luck +10 Intelligence -5 Literacy 0 Army -10

62. Round vi The Crusaders are pleased they will soon reach Jerusalem and get ready to attack it. However, the Turks now approach you under the cover of a white flag trying to find a compromise over Jerusalem Wealth 0 Stamina -15 Faith - Luck +5 Intelligence - Literacy 0 Army -2

63. You have arrived at the gates of Jerusalem to lay siege to gods holy city