1. Kennedy Presidency (1961-1963) Chapter 28-1,2

2. U.S.A. in 1960 ___% of the nation is under 25 in the census of 1960. Fear that U.S. was losing the Cold War under Eisenhower _________________ (1957) ______ becomes a Communist country (1959) ______ Incident (1960) _________________ runs for Republicans. Democrats nominate Senator _______________________

3. John F. Kennedy Wanted to _________ power of the President –Under Ike, Congress set national priorities –Nixon would continue this Tackle issues of ____________________________________ His pro-civil rights stance and backing of Martin Luther King, Jr. won him many votes from African-Americans

4. The __________________ presidential debates in US History took place between John Kennedy and Richard Nixon These debates impacted how the presidency would be perceived by Americans.

5. Impact of Television on Election of 1960 _________ people watched the debates Millions also listened on the radio Polls showed: –Those who listened on the radio thought ___________________ won the debate –Those who watched on television thought ___________________ won the debate

6. John Kennedy Won a close and disputed election. _________________ president to be elected. First ____________ President. 43 years of age. Fewer than 119,000 votes separated JFK and Nixon

7. Inauguration Speech http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xE0iPY7XGBo http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3s6U8GActdQ&NR=1

8. The Kennedy Mystique Kennedy White House known as Camelot for its glamour, culture, wit First Lady, 31-year old _____________________, admired for her elegance Invited many celebrities and artists to the White House Two young children=JFK is a family man Inspired many Americans KENNEDY PRESIDENCY The Camelot Years

9. The Best and the Brightest JFK’s ___________ called “the best and the brightest” Many of his cabinet were under 40 years old Brother Robert Kennedy named ________________

10. As a result of close election… Because of the close election, Kennedy entered office without a __________________, or public endorsement of his proposals. –In a close election, candidates have to attract more voters –That requires them to become more “_________________” Moved from liberal background to the middle –Upset many ______________________ –Example: was slow to endorse Civil rights legislation

11. Kennedy's “New Frontier” Domestic Program JFKwanted to inspire Americans to be pioneers and to go into “uncharted areas of science and space”. Goals: More Federal funding for _____________ Medical care for the _______________ Halt the recession with ____________________. End to racial discrimination. Accelerate ________________ program. Rebuild rundown urban areas. Kennedy's “New Frontier” Domestic Program JFKwanted to inspire Americans to be pioneers and to go into “uncharted areas of science and space”. Goals: More Federal funding for _____________ Medical care for the _______________ Halt the recession with ____________________. End to racial discrimination. Accelerate ________________ program. Rebuild rundown urban areas.

12. New Frontier Continued Established Alliance for Peace and ____________________ to help the impoverished in other countries President's Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity to end racial discrimination in hiring of govt employees. New Frontier Failures Due to conservative Congress, only partially successful. Disappointed many civil rights activists = feared splitting Democratic Party. New Frontier ideas led to President Johnson's "Great Society"

13. JFK and Economy JFK inherited a ___________ from Ike Believed in _____________________ –________ spending to get out of recession –____________________ taxes Deficit spending hurt his popularity among conservatives

14. The Space Program In April 1961, Soviet astronaut ________________ became the first human to travel in space. Americans worried that their technology was falling behind that of the Soviet Union. Kennedy’s Response: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g25G1M4EXrQ&feature=PlayList&p=776D2FF204A5DF46&index=0&playn ext=1 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g25G1M4EXrQ&feature=PlayList&p=776D2FF204A5DF46&index=0&playn ext=1 Funding for the ___________________________________ was increased. In 1961 and 1962, American astronauts made initial space flights. On July 20, 1969, American astronaut Neil Armstrong became the first person to walk on the moon.

15. The Space Program U.S. Astronaut ____________________ standing in front of the spacecraft Friendship 7. First astronaut to orbit the earth’s surface 3 times.

16. Crises over Cuba The Cuban Dilemma Revolutionary leader ______________________ declares himself communist - seizes U.S. properties; Eisenhower cut off diplomatic relations in 1959 10% of Cuban population goes into ____________; mostly to _____________ KENNEDY FOREIGN POLICY

17. Khruschev Embraces Castro, 1961

18. Secret ______ to overthrow Fidel Castro’s dictatorship U.S. feared Castro was becoming an ally with the _______________. Trained Cuban exiles to invade Cuba and start an uprising of Castro’s enemies _____________ invasion of Cuba in April of 1961. Embarrassment for President Kennedy because the U.S. tried to ___________ their involvement.

19. Berlin Crisis, 1961 ___________________ meet to discuss Berlin and nuclear weapons. Khrushchev thinks that JFK is young, inexperienced, and can be rolled.

20. Berlin Crisis, 1961 The Berlin Crisis By 1961 thousands of Germans flee _______________ Khrushchev wants to close access roads to __________ JFK sends in troops to protect West Berlin because he feared USSR attack JFK asks Congress to appropriate __________ more for defense, armed forces and fallout shelter program. Supporters: He stood up to the USSR Opposition: Berlin not worth a possible ____ with USSR. Soviets isolate West Berlin from East Germany with ____________________________________________ NEXT KENNEDY FOREIGN POLICY

21. 1961, Soviet Union built the Berlin Wall to force Allies out of West Berlin. Became a symbol of the __________________. Berlin would by be a divided city.

22. Families and friends found themselves separated and most Berliners were lucky just to establish visual contact over the Wall. Stretching for more than 100 miles, escape was virtually impossible because of mines, attack dogs and armed guards with shoot-to-kill orders.

23. At least _____________ people attempted to escape by climbing, vaulting, tunneling or crashing through checkpoints. Others attempted to swim the canals or stow away in cargo shipped across the border.

24. Unsuccessful attempts resulted in death, mostly at the hands of East German guards. Official figures show that more than 400 people have died trying to escape from East Germany; human rights activists, however, estimate the figure to be closer to 800.

25. The Berlin Wall Goes Up (1961) Checkpoint Charlie

26. A New Military Policy Under Ike, foreign policy was “_____________” JFK believes we must redefine nation’s nuclear strategy ____________________ —prepare for a variety of military responses Do not have to rely on _________________ for everything JFK increases defense spending in three areas: - strengthens conventional forces - creates army ___________________________ - _____________________ nuclear capabilities NEXT KENNEDY FOREIGN POLICY

27. Major countries and leaders involved USPresident Kennedy CubaFidel Castro Soviet UnionNikita Khrushchev

28. This U-2 reconnaissance photo showed concrete evidence of missile assembly in Cuba. Shown here are missile transporters and missile- ready tents where fueling and maintenance took place.Courtesy of CIAThis U-2 reconnaissance photo showed concrete evidence of missile assembly in Cuba. Shown here are missile transporters and missile- ready tents where fueling and maintenance took place.Courtesy of CIA cuban missile2

30. The Missiles USSR had sent missiles and launchers at request of Castro after ___________ USSR thought it could blackmail US into backing down in ______________ US had missiles in ________________ pointed at USSR

31. U.S. on Full Alert U.S. response to missiles? JFK chooses “__________” of Cuba Warns attack on ships or launch of missiles from Cuba would lead to war

32. JFK, Adlai Stevenson and Robert McNamara discussing strategy during Cuban Missile Crisis.JFK, Adlai Stevenson and Robert McNamara discussing strategy during Cuban Missile Crisis. cuban missile2

33. The crisis developed as the U.S. demanded the Soviets to dismantle missiles in Cuba or the U.S. would invade Cuba.

34. USSR Tests “Quarantine” USSR demands removal USSR sends ships and stops at quarantine line

35. cuban missile2 Adlai Stevenson shows aerial photos of Cuban missiles to the United Nations in November 1962. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CxDGtu-aMi0 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CxDGtu-aMi0

36. Cuban Missile Crisis (1962) “We went eyeball-to-eyeball with the Russians, and the other man blinked!”--Sec. of State Dean Rusk U.N. nations supported U.S. after Stevenson speech. Khrushchev ordered the ships to turn around.

37. Last minute decision made: Soviets would dismantle missile sites in Cuba in return for U.S.______________.Last minute decision made: Soviets would dismantle missile sites in Cuba in return for U.S.______________. U.S. would later dismantle missile sites in __________U.S. would later dismantle missile sites in __________ cuban missile2

38. Kennedy and Khruschev both realized how close they came to nuclear war. The “monster” of nuclear war must never be released. Both leaders vowed to better communicate with one another ____________ US and Soviet Union would sign their first _______________ _________ 1963. Kennedy and Khruschev both realized how close they came to nuclear war. The “monster” of nuclear war must never be released. Both leaders vowed to better communicate with one another ____________ US and Soviet Union would sign their first _______________ _________ 1963.

39. Other Results JFK emerges as a hero for standing up to USSR USSR hounds Khrushchev out of power by mid-1960s USSR launches massive program of ________________

40. lbj sworn in

41. Walter Cronkite: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cP-YKYBfLuU&feature=related

42. lbj sworn in

43. ___________________________________, “the lone gunman”, killed JFK……..Oswald murdered by Jack Ruby ( http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=snShVwfTStA) two days after JFK’s murder….. ( http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=snShVwfTStA) ___________________________________, “the lone gunman”, killed JFK……..Oswald murdered by Jack Ruby ( http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=snShVwfTStA) two days after JFK’s murder….. ( http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=snShVwfTStA)

44. lbj sworn in _______________________ takes oath of office

45. assassination 1

46. assassination2

47. assassination3