1. By Ali Brooks and Sarah Anderson

2.  Agro forestry- crops and trees are grown together.  Alley cropping- see agro forestry  Aquaculture- raising and selling ocean life  Chronic under nutrition- people who cannot buy or grow food suffer from this, another word for hunger.  Commercial inorganic fertilizer- produced from minerals to restore plants.  Compost- organic fertilizer produced when microorganisms in soil break down matter.

3.  Conservation- tillage farming- uses machines that disturb the soil as little as possible  Contour farming- farming when the ground has a significant slope  Crop rotation- reduces losses of crops  Desertification- when the productive potential of dry lands falls by 10%  Famine- a shortage of food in an area and mass starvation.

4.  Organic fertilizer- organic coming from plants or animals  Over nutrition- when too much food is taken in and it causes excess body fat  Pesticides- chemicals to kill or control pests  Plantation agriculture- a form of industrialized agriculture  Polyculture- a type of interplanting in which many different plants are planted together.

5.  Polyvarietal cultivation- planting a plot with several variation of the same crop  Rill erosion- occurs when fast flowing little rivulets of surface water make small channels in the soil  Salinization- irrigation water in dry climates lead to gradual accumulation of salts in soil  Fish- farming- harvesting fish from being raised  Fish-ranching- holding fish in captivity for a while then releasing and harvesting them.

6.  Food security- everyone in a given area has enough food to live a healthy life  Green manure- freshly cut or growing green vegetation in the soil  Green revolution- increased yields per unit of area of cropland  Gully erosion- rivulets of fast flowing water join in to cut wider and deeper gullies  Hunger- see chronic under nutrition

7.  Industrialized agriculture- see plantation agriculture  Integrated pest management- environmentally sensitive approach to pest management  Intercropping- growing 2 or more crops close together  Interplanting- see intercropping  Malnutrition- results from unbalanced diet  Sheet erosion- slow acting form of erosion  Shelter belts- plantation of trees

8.  Strip cropping- see crop rotation  Terracing- prevents rapid runoff from integration  Water logging- saturation of the soil by groundwater  Wind breaks- see shelter belt

9.  What is food security – every person in a given area has daily access to enough nutritious food to have an active and healthy diet.  How serious are malnutrition and over nutrition- malnutrition can deplete vitamins and minerals in the body. Overeating and lack of exercise can lead to reduced life quality, poor health and premature death.  How is the worlds food produced- Croplands, rangelands, ocean fisheries and aquaculture.

10.  How are soils being degraded and eroded, and what can be done to reduce these losses- It erodes faster than it is forming on more of the worlds cropland. Has lowered productivity because of drought and human activities.  What are the advantages and disadvantages of using genetic engineering to produce food- Disadvantages are lack of water, high costs for small farmers, and physical limits to increasing crop yields hinder expansion of the green revolution.

11.  What are the environmental effects of producing food- Modern agriculture has a greater harmful environmental impact than any human activity.  What are the advantages and disadvantages of using genetic engineering to produce food- Loss of a variety of genetically different crop and livestock strains might limit the genetic raw material needed for future green and gene revolutions.  How can we produce more meat, fish and shellfish- we can mix the genes of similar types of organisms and mix the genes of different organisms.

12.  How can we protect food resources from pests- organisms found in natural control populations of most pest species as part of the earths free ecological services we can use chemicals to repel or kill them  How do government policies effect food productions and food security- we can produce food more sustainably by reducing resource throughputs and working with nature.  How can we produce food more sustainably- presenting more research, demonstrating projects, government subsidies and training can promote organic agriculture