1. Chapter 1: The Native Americans

2. Vocabulary
1. migrate: to move from on place and establish a home in a new place
2. environment: all of the physical surroundings in a place including land, water, animals, plants, and climate
3. natural resources: useful materials found in nature including water, vegetation, animals, and minerals
4. culture: a people’s way of life including beliefs, custioms, food, dwellings, and clothing
5. cultural region: an area in which a group of people share a similar culture and language

3. Section Notes

4. Section 1.2: Migration Routes of the First Americans
Siberia to Alaska to the mainland North America by a landbridge between Siberia and Alaska
hunter-gatherers followed the migration patterns of the wildlife
as main food source died off learned new skills to survive
A. Fishing
B. new types of clothing
4. occupied land from Alaska, Canada, throughout South America

5. Section 1.3: Native Americans Adapt to the Environment
Adapted to the various environments
Lived off of the surrounding natural resources
Northern Climates
used goggles made from bones to avoid snow blindness
homes made of driftwood and animal skins
igloos in the harsher climates of Alaska
Southern/moderate climates
gathered plants
raised crops such as squash, peppers, beans, and corn
agricultural skills eventually lead to more permanent settlements

6. Native American Cultural Regions
based on and developed around climate and other factors
10 cultural regions north of Mexico
NW Coast, California, Great Basin, Plateau, SW, Great Plains, E. Woodlands, and SE

7. Section 1. 4: First American’s View of Their Environment
viewed themselves as integral part of the community
believe in a Great Spirit who unified everything in the universe
all parts of nature have a spirit
no belief in private property
fought to protect what they believed was their homeland
adapted nature to suit their lifestyles but rarely if ever harmed the environment
very little waste; attempted to make use of everything they used/killed

8. Section 1.5: Native Americans of the NW Coast
Southern Oregon to Canada
plentiful food supplies
depended heavily on the seas for food
animal skins/meat from deer, moose, bear, elk, beaver, and mountain goats
specialized weapons to catch different types of animals
salmon harvest using fencing in the Spring
homes made of wood from the forest
developed various crafts such as basket making, jewelry from shells

9. Section 1.6: Native Americans of California
Southern Oregon to Baja California
Western Sierra Nevada Mountains
more than 100 different groups lived in this region
Food Supply:
Salmon and Shellfish
deer, rabbits, and ducks
roots, berries, and nuts
Clothing, houses and Baskets:
clothing from animal skins
simple houses made from forest wood
tools from antlers, bones, rocks
excellent weavers

10. Section 1.7: Native Americans of the Great Basin
East of California, Sierra Nevada Mountains to the Rocky Mountains
extreme weather condition hot to cold
nomadic tribes followed the migration patterns of animals for food and water sources
Food Supplies
Snakes, jackrabbits, and duck eggs
various plants
berries, roots, seeds, and pine nuts

11. Section 1.8: Native Americans of the Plateau
North of the Great Basin, Cascade Mountains to the West, Rocky Mountains to the east
dense forest, grassy and sagebrush
long harsh winters and mild summers
Settlements along major rivers
food was enough to support year-round living in some areas
many homes built partly underground to combat cold and heat
plateau groups were excellent weavers
Fall: deer and antelope
Camas and Salmon
food supply during the Spring
wild onions and carrots
favored the Camas root: starchy root eaten raw or made into flour

12. Section 1.9: Native Americans of the Southwest
Arizona, New Mexico, Utah, Colorado, Texan, Oklahoma, and California
canyons, mountains, desert, mesas
two major rivers: Colorado, Rio Grande
very hot and arid region
Mesa People
nomadic desert hunters
hunter-gatherers/farmers near the rivers
adobe brick homes
Corn Culture
grew corn, beans, and squash
corn most important crop
planted near flood zones, large streambeds, and at the foot of the Mesas with water runoff
ate stew made from corn, rabbit and chili peppers

13. Section 1.10: Native Americans of the Great Plains
Grasslands from Rocky Mountains to the Mississippi River
Canada to the Gulf of Mexico
Buffalo Hunters
Eastern Plains: farmers and some buffalo hunting
Western Plains: migrated with the buffalo herds
Using the Buffalo
main food source for Plains people
used every part of the buffalo
hides: shields, clothing, tents (teepees), containers
hair: used for bow strings
horns/hooves: spoons, bowls, glue
dung used for fire fuels
became more efficient when the Spanish brought horses to the region

14. Section 1.11: Native Americans of the Eastern Woodlands
Mississippi River to the Atlantic Ocean Canada to North Carolina
Iroquois tribes lived in New York area
Plentiful Woods Iroquois lifestyle:
hunting
wood
fresh greens, nuts, berries
syrup from maple trees
fishing
log homes with several families living together