1. Energy Efficiency: Load management potential savings in the telecommunications network in Africa Author and Presenter; Mohammed Adamu Regional Power Expert Africa Mohammed.Adamu@tigo.com.gh +233277600206

2. Page 2 Introduction MM/DD/YY Network Quality Apart from CAPEX, generally OPEX cost driver on the telecom network are five items; Three of them are direct Energy cost and one is indirect. The direct Energy cost elements is typically 50% - 60% of total Network OPEX. The figure could be up to 79% in some operations. Above 20% OPEX savings can be achieved with load management. This act, in addition to savings, enable deficits in global energy, Emission of CO2 and other green house gases. Note: this presentation focus mainly on BTS sites. This is because of the number of BTS site in a network. However similar structured frame may be applied to the core sites.

3. Page 3 MM/DD/YY Project Name A Typical BTS Site with Shelter (Plan)

4. Page 4 MM/DD/YY Project Name Main Network OPEX Driver% age OPEX Annual Monthly YTD Generators maintenance 18 Sites electricity 14 Sites fuel 29 Sites Security 9 Sites leases 14 Sum % of OPEX Driver 74 Quantitative Highlights of archive data Monthly YTD- AVERAGE OPEX-Energy = 61% AVERAGE OPEX-SITE FUEL = 29% Overview Five Network OPEX Driver

5. Page 5 MM/DD/YY Project Name Review New Technologies Innovative in operations process and system architecture Operations: Load Monitoring Effective Control Design and system Selection Source EnergySink Energy (Load) There are enormous savings potentials in OPEX and CAPEX of the energy system of the present telecommunications networks in Africa A sample Model of Energy Efficiency Exercise

6. Page 6 Economics of Network Energy With a careful site energy model, the average; Base energy/year/site estimate = 35,040 kWh Energy for daily variable/year/site estimate = 2,920 kWh Energy/year/site estimate = 37,960 kWh Archive Annual operations total Energy estimate = 165 MWh Monthly YTD-Archive Average cost of Energy per unit = 40 Cents Monthly YTD- Worst offender Average cost of Energy per unit = 82 Cents

7. Page 7 Highlights of Focus Control and reduction of Energy demand in the operation Reduce resultant average cost of unit Energy on the network Cost appropriation and cost transfer in equipment selection and system layout architecture

8. Page 8 Sample data on network Energy CASE 1: UNDER UTILISATION SITE NAMESite TypeTotal CapacityTotal Capacity %Utilization %Under-utilization. % LG 2001Indoor11.5KVA10023.551.5 PH 2007Outdoor12.5 KVA1003045 KN 2008Indoor 10032.442.6

9. Page 9 Sample data on network Energy CASE 2: IMBALANCE LOADLG 2001Indoor 3 PH GeneratorL1L2L3 TOT PH CAP12.8 OPT LDING PH CAP9.6 SITE PH LOAD045 CASE 2: IMBALANCE LOADPH 2006Outdoor 3 PH GeneratorL1L2L3 TOT PH CAP13.9 OPT LDING PH CAP10.4 SITE PH LOAD4.33.24 CASE 2: IMBALANCE LOADKN 2008Indoor 3 PH GeneratorL1L2L3 TOT PH CAP17.8 OPT LDING PH CAP13.3 SITE PH LOAD7.24.55.6

10. Page 10 Sample data on network Energy CASE 3: LOAD MANAGEMENT SITE NAMESite TypeTELCO LD (%)Battery Charging (%)Cooling (%)Lights (%)Others (%) LG 2001Indoor271337149 PH 2006Outdoor23304348 KN 2008Indoor212519287

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