1. DELIVERING THE PRESENTATION
Chapter 12
Shalon, Jimmy, and Anne

2. OBJECTIVES
Choose and use the delivery type best suited for a given presentation.
Create and deliver effective extemporaneous and impromptu presentations.
Conduct an effective question-and-answer session following suggested guidelines.
Apply knowledge about speaker anxiety to speak effectively to others with minimal negative effects.
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3. “You become the message, people cannot distinguish between the words and who speaks them.”-Roger Ailes
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4. DELIVERING A PRESENTATION
The presentation has to be well delivered in order to succeed.
If you look sloppy, speak in a way that is hard to understand, seem unenthusiastic, listeners doubt or reject your ideas.
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5. TYPES OF PRESENTATIONS
Manuscript Presentations-Speakers read their remarks word for word from a prepared statement.
Examples: Press conferences, annual company wide meetings, conventions, legal, and legislative testimony
People who don’t speak often cover nervousness with reading from a script- Comes off as a drone and unbelievable.
People are not usually trained to read out loud. = halts and jerks
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6. TYPES OF PRESENTATIONS
One Simple rule for presentations:
DON’T READ YOUR PRESENTATION!
DON’T READ PAGE 5 TWICE!
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7. TYPES OF PRESENTATIONS
Memorized Presentations- recited word for word from memory
Neg: Your presentation sounds memorized.
Memorizing almost always promotes stage fright.
When the presentation is memorized you focus on remembering what comes next instead of the meaning or message behind the information being delivered.
Pos: Referring to notes at a critical time can diminishes credibility.
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8. TYPES OF PRESENTATIONS
Extemporaneous Presentations- Planned and rehearsed, but not word for word.
Virtually every presentation should be delivered extemporaneously.
A good extemporaneous presentation is carefully rehearsed, but will never be the same twice because you speak with the audience, not at them.
Notes should be brief- overly detailed notes tempt the speaker to read them
Notes should be legible- words shouldn’t turn into meaningless scribbles
Notes should be unobtrusive- don’t let the notes be a distraction.
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9. Example of Extemporaneous Presentations:
Sales presentations, a talk at a local high school, progress report, training lecture, or an annual report
“I tell presenters to strive for dialogue behavior in a monologue setting. Dialogue behavior is two people talking across a kitchen table. It is comfortable and natural and don’t have to think much about it.”
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10. TYPES OF PRESENTATIONS
Impromptu Presentations- unexpected, off the cuff talk
Guidelines for Impromptu Presentations:
Anticipate when you may be asked to speak
Always be prepared, especially if you’re an expert, or your boss has a habit of putting you on the spot.
Focus on your audience and the situation
What is on the listeners mind?
What is the attitude?
What is the circumstance in which you are speaking?
Accept the invitation with assurance
Impromptu presentations shouldn’t be taken as a threat. Look confident, if you stammer, stall or look unhappy = doubt in validity
Because you have to do it, Do it well.
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11. TYPES OF PRESENTATIONS
Organize your thoughts
If time allows make an outline
Intro-thesis-body-end
Present reasons, logic, or facts to support your viewpoint
Stats
Examples
Comparisons
Don’t Apologize- no one expects impromptu presentations to be polished
Don’t highlight lack of knowledge or preparation
If you cant contribute, say so
Don’t Ramble
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12. TYPES OF DELIVERY
Monologue-one way speeches, delivered without interruption
Pos: more appropriate for large groups and formal settings
Neg: small groups feel artificial and creates the impression that the speaker doesn’t care
Guided Discussions-more interactive. Listeners are more encouraged to ask questions
Pos: People are more willing to buy in
Neg: Harder to control, more interaction
Interactive Presentations- involves more audience interaction
Neg: feels more like a conversation then a speech
Sales
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13. GUIDELINES FOR DELIVERY
Visual Elements
Dress effectively
What is the situation in which you are speaking
Don’t over dress or underdress
Step up to speak with confidence and authority
Don’t send nonverbal messages
Your presentation starts once you come into view of the audience
Get set before speaking
Do all your set up before you begin
“power pause”
Begin without looking at your notes
You cannot create a connection if you are reading your notes
Establish and maintain eye contact
Randomly spot around the room. Mechanical right to left makes you a robot. Maintain eye contact with each individual for a few seconds.
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14. GUIDELINES FOR DELIVERY
Stand and move effectively
Best stance for delivering an effective presentation is relaxed but firm.
If sitting, sit up straight and lean forward.
Don’t Pick up early
Pause, then move out confidently
A raised pitch sounds questioning
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15. COMMON INTERPRUTATIONS OF A SPEAKERS BODY LANGUAGE
Viewed as Arrogant
Viewed as Insecure or Nervous
Viewed as Open and Confident
Crossed Arms
Gripping the Lectern
Open Hands
Pounding Fists
Chewing on Objects
Expansive Gestures
Hands on Hips
Constant Throat Clearing
Stepping out From Behind Podium
Pointing Index Finger
Playing with Objects
Walking Toward or Into the Audience
Hands Behind Back
Rocking Back and Forth
Animated Facial Expression
Hands in “Steeple” Position
Clenched Fists
Dramatic Pauses
Hands on Hem on Jacket
Slouching
Confident and Consistent Eye Contact

17. VISUAL ELEMENTS Be perceived as taking charge Breathe and project
Standing
Sitting
Be perceived as taking charge
Breathe and project
Seen and be seen-maintain eye contact
Stand out from other speakers
Building rapport with group
Considered part of the team
Avoid being labeled as arrogant or show-stealing
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18. VERBAL COMMUNICATION Verbal Communication-Use an oral speak style
Keep most sentences short
Use personal pronouns freely
Make the presentation more personal
Use active voice
Act as though it is presently happening
Use contractions often
Address your listeners by name
Don’t emphasize mistakes
The difference between professionals and amateurs is the way they handle mistakes
Use proper vocabulary, enunciating, and pronunciation Pg

19. Advice
Poor
Better
Use personal pronouns freely
“People often ask…”
“You might ask…”
Use the active voice.
“It was decided that…”
“We decided.”
Use contractions often.
“We do not expect many changes.”
“We don’t expect many changes.”

20. VOCAL ELEMENTS Vocal Elements Speaking with Enthusiasm and Sincerity
If you don’t feel strongly your audience will not as well
Speak loudly enough to be heard
Avoid Disfluencies
Distfluencies- stammers and stutters such as eh, um and other filler words, like, so, okay, ya know
Vary your speech
Use pauses effectively- don’t be afraid of silence
Can be used to emphasize a point or question Pg

21. QUESTION AND ANSWER SESSIONS
Question and answer sessions can be one of the biggest advantages of an oral presentation, especially if used well.
When to Q & A
During the Presentation
Immediate response
Clarify any objections or confusion
Usually have to allow for extra time
Promise to answer premature questions later
After Presentation
Pos:
No distractions
Control over delivery
Control over length of speech
Neg:
Audience could be distracted over questions and miss the meaning of the presentation Pg

22. HOW TO HANDLE QUESTIONS
Start the ball rolling
Anticipating likely Questions
Clarify complicated or confusing questions
Treat questioners with respect
Keep answers focused on your goal
Buy time when necessary
Address answers to the entire audience
Follow the last question with a summary

23. USING VIDEO TO ANALYSE YOUR PRESENTATION
Record your rehearsals to see how the audience perceives you. This tool helps you to see things that you don’t like so you can work on them before presenting
As is
Muted: look for physical presence, posture, gesture, facial expression
Audio Only: listen to see if you are easily understood, fluent, enthusiastic
Fast Forward- See important expressions, movements, mannerisms become apparent.
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24. MINIMIZING AUDIENCE INTERUPTIONS
Post a sign outside the room warning that a presentation is in progress
Close doors before speaking
Program telephones in the room to ring elsewhere
Ask people to please silence their phones
Ask that questions and comments be held until the end of the presentation
Check with service personal or post notices outside the room to sure refreshments aren’t delivered in the middle of your presentation
Be certain that setup for another event isn’t about to begin in your room before you are finished

25. CONFIDENCE-BUILDING STRATEGIES
Before, walk around and stretch to relieve stress
Avoid alcohol and caffeine
Rehearse in front of friends and family to receive honest feedback
Walk around the room and talk with listeners before presentation- helps to familiarize yourself with the audience
Remember: Presentations aren’t brain surgery! You are sharing what you know to people who want to know it
Wear clothing that is familiar- new outfits can add to discomfort
During presentation seek out familiar faces and maintain eye contact
Don’t try to be anyone else. Develop your own approach.
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26. SPEAKING WITH CONFIDENCE
Accept a Moderate Amount of Nervousness
Speak more often
Rehearse your presentation
Rehearse on your feet, before an audience
Expect your talk to run 20 percent longer
Pay special attention to your introduction and conclusion
Rehearse in a real setting
Focus on Your topic and Audience, Not yourself
Think Rationally About Your Presentation
Myth: Presentation Must Be Perfect
Myth: It is possible to Persuade the Entire Audience
Myth: The Worst Will Probably Happen
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