1. HEALTH EDUCATION & Promotion Concepts
Prof. AWATIF ALAM & Prof. ASHRY GAD
Department of Family & Community Medicine
KSU

2. Definition:
“Health education is the process by which individuals and group of people learn to “:
Promote, Maintain, Restore health
Address risks, prevent disease/injury
“Education for health begins with people as they are, with whatever interests they may have in improving their living conditions”.

3. DEFINITIONS OF HEALTH PROMOTION
A planned combination of educational, political, regulatory, and organizational supports for actions and conditions of living conducive to the health of individuals, groups, or communities.
Keywords- planned, different supports, healthy environment
Green & Kreuter, 1999

4. DEFINITIONS OF HEALTH PROMOTION
The process of enabling people to increase control over and improve their health…
A commitment to dealing with challenges of reducing inequities, extending the scope of prevention, and helping people to cope with their circumstances…
Creating environments conducive to health, in which people are better able to take care of themselves
Different settings- school, workplace, etc

5. BASIC CHARACTERISTICS OF HEALTH PROMOTION
Enabling people to take control over, and responsibility for, their health as an important component of everyday life.
Requiring the close cooperation of sectors beyond the health services.
Combining diverse, but complimentary, methods or approaches.
Encouraging effective and concrete public participation.
Media, newspapers, for a
Participation from day 1

6. Health Promotion Action Means:
Build Public Health Policy
Create Supportive Environments
Strengthen Community Actions
Develop Personal Skills
Re-orient Health Services
Moving into the future

7. THE TRIAD OF HEALTH PROMOTION
HEALTH EDUCATION
HEALTH PROTECTION
DISEASE PREVENTION
Define
Which is more difficult

8. The Health Promotion Triad
Health Education
Health Protection
Prevention

9. DISEASE PREVENTION
THREE LEVELS
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary

10. The Phases of Prevention in relation to natural history of disease
Primary
Prevention
Secondary
Prevention
Tertiary
Prevention
Cure
Chronic
disease
Healthy
individual
Biological
onset of
disease
Clinical
Course of
disease
Disability
Death
Functional
Status
Risk
Factors
Asymptomatic
signs
Symptoms and
signs
Predisposition/susceptibility
Preclinical/presymptomatic
Clinical/symptomatic
Outcome- cure, permanent/temporary-partial disability/death
Rehabilitation
Support
Immunization Health Education
Prophylaxis
Screening
Surveillance
Diagnosis
Treatment
Compliance
Adherence
The Phases of Prevention in relation to
natural history of disease

11. Health Promotion Context: Place of Health Education in Public Health

12. HEALTH PROMOTION MODELS
THREE SPHERES
Health Education
Prevention
Health Protection
SEVEN DOMAINS
Lifestyle
Preventive Policies
Policy Maker
Education
5. Health Education
6. Health Protection
7. Policy Support

13. Health Promotion (Ottawa Charter)
Process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health…
…. health promotion is not just the responsibility of health sector, but goes beyond healthy life styles to well being
Health Promotion concept recognizes the role of socio-political environment, public policies, health system and access to care, physical environment, culture, and health related attitudes and behaviors towards health and diseases. Health Education targets health related beliefs, attitudes and behaviors of individuals and populations. Therefore, while Health Education plays an important role there is a need to understand that a larger role is played by national policies, social context, cultural values, health system access

14. Health Promotion – Framework
Advocacy to make political, economic, social, environmental, cultural, behavioral & biological factors favorable to health.
Enable people by ensuring equal opportunities
associated text refers to ‘opportunities for access to information, life skills, and making health choices (HEALTH EDUCATION contributes to achieving this goal)’ -- [and this enables person to take action]
Mediate a coordinated action by government, health, social and economic sectors, NGOs, Industry, professional & social groups

15. Health Promotion Actions
Healthy Public Policies -- for healthier goods & services, healthier environment, equal opportunities
Creation of Supportive Environment
Environment - Social, Physical
Work, Community, Society levels
Strengthening Community Actions
Community participation, empowerment, action. Health Education also helps in empowering people for effective participation and taking part in actions which make positive changes to environment, health care services, policies

16. Health Promotion Actions (contd.)
Develop Personal Skills
By education, information, training
Reorient Health Services
Health sector must move in a HP direction beyond clinical
Respect cultural needs

17. Targets of health education: definitions
Health Behaviour: Activity undertaken for the purpose of prevention of diseases, or detecting these at an early stage, or managing them effectively
Belief: A statement or body of statements held to be true by an individual or group.
Attitude: Position, disposition, or manner with regard to a person or thing

18. AIMS OF HEALTH EDUCATION:
1. To develop a sense of responsibility for health conditions, as individuals, as members of families & communities.
(Promotion ,prevention of disease & early diagnosis and management ). While, as mentioned previously, environment, policy, social context plays a major role towards shaping the health attitudes and behaviors, information, knowledge and skills at personal level are also important to adopt healthy behaviors
2. To promote and wisely use the available health services.
3. To be part of all education, and to continue throughout whole span of life.

19. Process of health education:
Dissemination of scientific knowledge
about how to promote and maintain health),
lead to changes in the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (behavior) related to such changes.

20. Steps for adopting new ideas & practices :
AWARENESS (Know about new ideas)
INTEREST (Seeks more details )
EVALUATION
(Advantages versus disadvant.+ testing usefulness )
TRIAL (Decision put into practice)
ADOPTION (person feels new idea is good and adopts it)

21. Contents of Health Education
RISK FACTORS: e.g. smoking, drugs, road traffic accident risks
HEALTH ENHACING PRACTICES: e.g. exercise, nutrition
OCCUPATIONAL FACTORS: Safety, Hygiene
INFECTION CONTROL: e.g. hand washing
CHRONIC ILLNESS, MENTAL HELATH: Knowledge about risks, improvement actions such as promoting togetherness
SEXUAL HEALTH i.e. information about STI
HEALTH SERVICES: Information about access, Awareness about the need to use the health services
SPECIAL GROUPS (food handlers, occupations, mothers, school health)

22. Principles of Health Education
Interest
Participation
Motivation
Comprehension
Proceeding from the known to the unknown
Reinforcement through repetition
Good human relations
People, facts and media:
“knowledgeable, attractive , palatable & acceptable “.

23. Principles of Health Education
Learning by doing:
“ If I hear, I forget
If I see, I remember
If I do, I know”.
Motivation i.e. awakening the desire to know and learn:
- Primary motives, e.g. inborn desires, hunger
- Secondary motives, i.e. desires created by incentives such as praise, love, recognition, competition.

24. Health Education: Individuals
About
For example, for Healthy behaviors (e.g. breast feeding), secondary prevention
Settings where education is imparted
Health care settings, Home, Video/Internet
Approaches to health education for individuals
Risk assessments in various settings
Information, contract, evaluation for behavior change
Methods for health education for individuals
Information provision in-person, print/electronic media
Issues
High Cost, Focus on Disease rather than on health

25. Health Education: Groups
About
Behavior change, supportive environment, community action, access to care
Settings
Health care settings, community, workplace
Approaches
Knowledge & skill development
Peer learning
Training for behavior change
Methods
Didactic & experiential methods
Issues
Difficult to comprehend and manage group dynamics, difficult to achieve skills to facilitate groups

26. Communication in health education:
Education is primarily a matter of communication, the components of which are:
CHANNELS AUDIENCE MESSAGE COMMUNICATOR
- Individual Conform with Educator
- Media Group objectives.
- 2 way Public understandable needs+ interest
of audience
- 1 way Public Acceptable ? Content of
message

27. Evaluation of health education programs:
There should be continuous evaluation.
Evaluation should not be left to the end but should be done from time to time for purpose of making modifications to achieve better results.

28. EVALUATION CYCLE:
Describe problem Describe program State goals Determine needed
information
Modify program Establish basis for
proof of effectiveness
Analyze &compare Organize data Develop& test Determine data
results base instruments collecting method