1. PTT 22SEP2014 How did you do science this weekend?
What did you do outside?
Any questions on your aquatic ecology project?

2. AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS

3. Abiotic + Biotic = Ecology
Terrestrial Aquatic

4. What are the ABIOTIC needs of aquatic organisms?
Sunlight
Nutrients- food & minerals

5. Types of Aquatic Ecosystems
Freshwater Ecosystems
Lakes & ponds
Rivers & streams
Transitional Communities
Estuaries
Wetlands- bogs/fens, swamps, marshes
Marine Ecosystems
Shorelines
Coral Reefs
Open Ocean

6. Freshwater Ecosystems
Usually 0.005% salt
Some exceptions:
Great Salt Lakes-
5-27% salt
Dead Sea- 30% salt
Moving water- high elevations; cold; high O2; trout; streamlined plants

7. Freshwater Ecosystems
Standing water- lower elevations; warmer; less O2; bass, amphibians; cattails, rushes
Why would there be less oxygen in standing water?

8. Plankton = Producer
Plankton is a general term for the tiny, free-floating organisms that live in both freshwater and saltwater environments.
Unicellular algae, or phytoplankton, are supported by nutrients in the water and form the base of many aquatic food webs.
Planktonic animals, or zooplankton, feed on the phytoplankton.

9. Fish are suited for their habitat

10. Adaptation

11. Over time the fish adapted to their habitat Adaptations can be:
Camouflage
Body Shape
Mouth Type
Behavior

12. Camouflage

13. Body Shape
Different Shapes for different functions

14. Mouth Type
Different shapes for different functions

15. Behavior
Migrations
Egg laying

16. Sucker fish
Bottom feeders

17. Big River fish
Lay eggs in shallow water

18. Colorado Cutthroat Migrate Seasonally to lay eggs Speckled coloration
Torpedo shape
Relatively flat on the bottom

19. Create a fish for a river or a lake
Name your fish
Describe your fish’s adaptations (WHY is it so awesome?
Color and creativity is encouraged
DUE WEDNESDAY!

21. PTT 23SEP2014
What are the Abiotic things that all aquatic organisms need? (there are 4)
How do fish prey avoid their predator?
Or What is an adaptation to avoid predators?

22. What are the basic needs of aquatic organisms?
Sunlight
Nutrients- food & minerals

23. Adaptations How fish meet their needs with the greatest efficiency
How fish is best suited for its role in the ecosystem

24. What are the basic needs of aquatic organisms?
Sunlight
Nutrients- food & minerals

25. Over time the fish adapted to their habitat Adaptations can be:
Camouflage
Body Shape
Mouth Type
Behavior

27. Different Shapes for different functions

28. Different shapes for different functions

29. Migrations
Egg laying
Hiding

32. Adaptation I.D. In your Science Notebook:
Using the pictures in front of you:
Identify the adaptation that the fish is demonstrating
Example: Catfish have a body shape that allows them to swim on the bottom of a river. The adaptation is body shape.
You may work on your fish drawing if you are done

34. PTT 24SEP2014
What series of water cycle processes would bring you from a lake to a glacier?
Name 3 of the places water is stored in the water cycle (hint: there are 8).

36. Abiotic + Biotic = Ecology
Terrestrial Aquatic

37. Abiotic + Biotic = Ecology
Sunlight
Nutrients-
(food & minerals)
Terrestrial Aquatic

38. Changes in these will influence Aquatic organisms
Sunlight
Nutrients- food & minerals
Changes in these will influence Aquatic organisms

40. River Talk
Use your peers, the vocabulary sheet, and your knowledge to fill-in the “Analogies of a Watershed”
Fill-in the watershed diagram as well.
You will have 24 minutes to complete this task

41. Tour de Fish Travel through the gallery of fish.
Whose do you think we should hang on the wall?

43. PTT 25SEP2014
Through what water cycle process will a water molecule travel from a lake to an animal? (the more steps, the better)
What are the 4 things that aquatic and terrestrial organisms need?

45. How are these similar?

46. Also called a basin, drainage or catchment.
An area of land that is drained by a river and its tributaries to a common outlet, which can be a closed basin, larger stream, or the ocean.

48. Watershed from space

49. Water always flows downhill!
OR from high to low High Low

52. Page 1
US watersheds

53. Page 2 Color the Main Stem in all three pictures
Color all primary tributaries
Color the secondary tributaries

54. Page 3
Outline the watershed by putting dots near the end of each trubutairy
Connect the dots

55. Page 4
Color the red, blue, green, and orange river their respective colors.
Draw the watershed for each river

58. There are several reasons why macroinvertebrates are used as water quality indicators:
They are sensitive to changes in the ecosystem.
Many live in an aquatic ecosystem for over a year.
They cannot easily escape changes in the water quality.
They can be collected very easily from most aquatic systems with inexpensive or homemade equipment

64. Transitional Communities
Delta
ESTUARIES
Where freshwater dumps into ocean
Brackish water (less salty than seawater)
Has rich sediments that often form deltas

65. Transitional Communities
Delta
Productive & biodiverse
Organisms adapted to varying levels of salinity as tide ebbs & flows
“Nursery” for larval forms of many aquatic species of commercial fish & shellfish

66. Transitional Communities
WETLANDS
Land saturated at least part of the year
Swamps- have trees like bald cypress; high productivity
Marshes- no trees; tall grasses; high productivity
Bogs/Fens- may or may not have trees; waterlogged soil with lots of peat; low productivity
Fens- fed by groundwater & surface runoff
Bogs- fed by precipitation
Swamp
Marsh
Bogs: The bottom layer of a bog consists of peat. Peat is an organically rich material that forms when plants die, fall into the water, and are compressed over time, forming a thick layer. This layer of peat can be up to forty feet deep. Bogs are sometimes called "peatlands.” Why doesn't that plant material just decompose into a normal layer of soil? The acidic nature of existing peat, cold temperatures, and low oxygen levels resulting from poor water circulation prevent bacteria and other decomposers from settling and feeding on the plant material. So, the rate of decomposition in a bog is very slow
Bogs: acidic, low nutrients
Fens are similar to bogs since both have moist, sponge-like ground. Fens, however, have a higher pH and more nutrients. These wetlands form in poorly drained areas
Bog
Fen

67. Importance of Wetlands
Highly productive- get lots of sunlight, ↑ plants =
↑ animals
Nesting, breeding ground for migratory birds
Slows flooding by absorbing runoff
Silt settles, making water clearer & nutrient rich
Eutrophication means nutrient enrichment which all water bodies undergo during their lives. Eutrophication results in lowering of water quality for domestic and recreational uses, following discharge of wastes containing some nutrient salts into water bodies.
The problems do not come from the nutrients themselves but from the changes induced in the aquatic productivity. The most important nutrients that cause eutrophication are nitrates and phosphates from fertilizers.

68. Importance of Wetlands
Trap & filter water, Bacteria in soil break down contaminants
= “Nature’s Septic Tank”
Natural chemical rxns neutralize and detoxify pollutants
Gives H2O time to percolate (filter thru soil) & replenish underground aquifers
Threats- artificial eutrophication (see slide 13), draining, sedimentation via construction
Eutrophication means nutrient enrichment which all water bodies undergo during their lives. Eutrophication results in lowering of water quality for domestic and recreational uses, following discharge of wastes containing some nutrient salts into water bodies.
The problems do not come from the nutrients themselves but from the changes induced in the aquatic productivity. The most important nutrients that cause eutrophication are nitrates and phosphates from fertilizers.

69. What are the basic needs of aquatic organisms?
Sunlight
Nutrients- food & minerals

70. PTT 24SEP2014

71. Marine Ecosystems
Benthic zone - lowest level. Organisms living in this zone are called benthos.
Photic Zone – well-lit upper layer of the oceans.
Aphotic Zone - permanently dark layer of the oceans below the photic zone

72. MARINE ECOSYSTEMS CORAL REEFS Clear, warm shallow seas
Made up of accumulated calcareous (made of calcium) skeletons of coral animals
Formation of reefs depends on light penetration.
Corals have a symbiotic relationship with algae (which are photosynthetic) .
Very diverse, abundant (Rainforests of Sea)
Threats- destructive fishing (cyanide & dynamite to stun fish), pet trade; about 75% of coral reefs have been destroyed
nside the sac of each coral polyp lives a one-celled algae
The algae gives off oxygen and other nutrients that the coral polyp needs to live and in return the polyp gives the algae carbon dioxide and other substances the algae needs. That is why coral reefs grow so near the surface of the water where it is the sunniest--the algae need sunshine for photosynthesis

73. What factors can alter aquatic ecosystems?
Natural Succession- normal cycle of pond becoming forest
Artificial Succession- humans add Nitrogen & Phosphate to water via fertilizer & sewage causing succession to happen faster = EUTROPHICATION

74. What factors can alter aquatic ecosystems?
Humans!
Find food
Recreation
Waste disposal
Cooling of power plants
Transportation
Dams, canals