1. 5 th – 15 th Century Europe, Eastern Asia, Northern Africa

2. Medieval – Dark Ages – Middle Ages  The period in European history from the collapse of the Roman civilization in the 5 th century CE to approximately the 15 th Century  Also called the Dark Ages in Europe because during the first 300 years not much progress was made  Barbarian tribes were taking over previously Roman ruled lands

3. History – Germanic Tribes  The Western Roman Empire began to fall in the 4 th Century as powerful leaders of Germanic barbarian tribes violently took over regions ruled by Rome  The Germanic tribes had converted from Pagan religions to Christianity  Some of tribes were considered Barbaric in the ways they fought and took control  The Huns, Franks, Angles, Saxons, Ostrogoths, Visigoths, Burgundians, Vandals, Lombards

4. History – Germanic Tribes  The control of the tribes lead to the deterioration of the Roman structure of Western Europe  There was very little political or cultural stability.  The only thing most people had in common was social unity in the Christian religion ruled by the Roman Catholic Church.  http://www.history.com/topics/middle- ages/videos#the-fall-of-rome http://www.history.com/topics/middle- ages/videos#the-fall-of-rome

5. Geography – Germanic Invasion 300-600 AD/CE

6. The Lombards and Charlemagne  http://www.history.com/topics/crusades/vide os#dark-ages-barbarians-ii---desiderius-vs- charlemagne http://www.history.com/topics/crusades/vide os#dark-ages-barbarians-ii---desiderius-vs- charlemagne  Charlemagne defeated most of the barbarian tribes in Western Europe  Brought a more united Europe with close connections to the Roman Catholic Church

7. History – Christendom  The Holy Roman Empire (Christendom) – a large church state  The empire owned cities and armies  Emperors were chosen by the church leaders  Divided into Two parts  Western Empire – included all of Western Europe - Roman Catholic church  Byzantine or Eastern Empire – included Eastern Europe, Western Asia, and North Africa - Orthodox Christian Church

8. History – Western Empire  Near the end of the 9 th Century the emperors of Roman Catholic West began to fight with the Pope and church leaders  The emperors wanted to choose the church leaders in order to control the church  The church owned the cities and the armies to control the emperors  Feudalism developed across Europe

9. History - Feudalism  Kings took ownership of land – nation states began to develop.  See Feudalism video on wikispace

10. History – Eastern Empire - Byzantium Ruled by an Emperor or king from 306- 1453AD Orthodox church predominant religion

11. History - Sassanian Empire  Sassanians were Persians who fought the Romans in 211AD for control of Israel, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Turkey, and Egypt  They also controlled Iran, Iraq, Afghanistan, Pakistan  They worshipped many gods

12. Sassanid Empire – 620 AD

13. History – The Rise of Islam  In about 610 in Mecca (present day Saudi Arabia), the prophet Muhammad claimed to receive messages from God.  He began to preach the religion of Islam and converted many Arabs.  The movement spread to Persia/Sassanid, Syria, Palestine, North Africa, and Spain.  Followers of Islam are called Muslims.

14. Geography - Spread of Islam: 630- 700 AD/CE (Yellow)

15. History – Rise of Islam  600’s -1100’s Muslims dominated shipping on Mediterranean Sea making contact between western Europe and eastern Europe difficult.  Muslims introduced industries such as papermaking and silk-weaving to western Europe  Muslim scholars translated ancient Greek texts to Arabic

16. Crusades – Late 1000s – late 1200s  Muslims captured Jerusalem and the Holy Land in 1076  Christian armies from western Europe traveled to the Middle East to fight Muslims to regain control of the Holy Land and eastern Mediterranean seaports  During the 200 year period 9 bloody crusades were paid for by the Roman Catholic Church

17. The crusades played a major role in the expansion and development of Europe during the Middle Ages

18. History – The Silk Road: Global Trade  An ancient 4,000 mile trade route from Europe to China  Used extensively from about 125BC-1490AD  Europeans traveled to India and China to trade gold, silver, and gems for Chinese silk and spices  Many ideas, philosophies, religions were shared along the way

19. History – Education, 13 th Century  Scholasticism – a method of teaching that combined theology with ancient philosophy  Teaching was ruled and governed by the Roman Catholic Church  Thomas Aquinas, a Roman Catholic priest and teacher, wrote extensively about Aristotle  Aristotle was an ancient Greek educator and philosopher  Ideas on how to educate came from Aquinas’ writings

21. Literature - Religious  Latin was the written language of the Roman Catholic Church so most literature was written in Latin  Many writings were based on ideas or the lives of Catholic leaders and saints  Local guilds wrote mystery plays that were based on Biblical stories  Each village had its own mystery that would be performed on church feast-days

22. Literature – Secular  Subjects in secular or non-religious writings were mostly about love  Works that are still famous today:  Beowulf – epic Germanic poem written between 8 th and 11 th century  http://www.lausd.k12.ca.us/web_design/beowulf/ http://www.lausd.k12.ca.us/web_design/beowulf/  Canterbury Tales – stories of pilgrimages which were popular during the Middle Ages  “Wife of Bath’s Tale” – paraphrased version: http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/medieval/literature/wi feofbathstale.htm http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/medieval/literature/wi feofbathstale.htm 

23. Literature - Allegory  Allegories were used widely during the Middle Ages  They are stories with more than one meaning  Usually the meanings are religious or moral and meant to teach a lesson  The element of personification is often used  Roman de la rose - Romance of the Rose  Poem from the 13 th century

24. Art - Byzantine  Eastern European Christian art  Greece, Turkey, Romania, etc.  Costly materials were often used – gold, silver, and lapis luzuli to create colorful murals  Artwork and books were given similar attention

25. Art – Byzantine  Frescoe – mural made of plaster  Mozaic – mural made of broken glass, pottery, stone, etc.

26. Architecture - Medieval Castle http://www.worldbookonline.com/student/article? id=ar099200http://www.worldbookonline.com/student/article? id=ar099200 (video) http://hubpages.com/hub/Labeled-Diagram-of-a- Castle

27. Architecture – Byzantine  Churches are about all that is left of Byzantine architecture  Mostly made of stone, brick and mortar with plain exteriors and elaborate interiors  Early and late period churches are distinguished by  a main dome  with arched entrances  Arched columns for inside support

28. Architecture – Byzantine

29. Art – Romanesque  Romanesque style is called this because it is a little like Roman Architecture.  Romanesque style was influenced by Byzantine art.  A revival of Byzantine ivory carving influenced early medieval art as in this middle ages ivory plaque from 1000-1200 AD/CE.

30. Art – Romanesque  A Romanesque statue made of limestone - from 1170 AD/CE

31. Architecture - Romanesque  The walls of Romanesque buildings were made of stone and the roofs made of wood.  The round arches resemble old world Roman arches.  Walls were very thick, with few if any windows

32. A stole made of red silk, linen, crimson silk tabby, and threads of gold and silver leaf. This stole tells the story of the martyrdom of St. Catherine - a Christian woman who debated with the pagan emporer Maxentius about Christianity. Maxentius eventually tortured and killed Catherine for her beliefs. Art – Early Middle Ages

33. The Lions Court at Alhambra in Granada, Spain, built in 1400’s. Islamic architecture is influenced by Greek and Roman design because Greeks were living in Arab regions when Islam faith spread in the 700s. Architecture – Islamic Influence

34. For most of the Middle Ages Islamic glass was was exported to Europe and China. Islamic glass was considered to be the most sophisticated glass of the time. This piece is from the 1300s. Art – Islamic Influence

35. Art - Gothic Gothic art is concerned with painting, sculpture, architecture, and music in Europe that evolved from Romanesque art. The term "Gothic" came from Italian writers of the Renaissance who called the works ugly and compared it to the barbarian Gothic tribes that had destroyed the Roman Empire in the 5th century.

36. Architecture - Gothic Notre Dame of Paris Cathedral of Our Lady of Chartres, France

37. http://medievalwriting.50megs.com/writing.ht m http://medievalwriting.50megs.com/literacy/wr iting.htm http://medievalwriting.50megs.com/literacy/wr iting3.htm Writing

38. Gardens -

39. http://www.gallowglass.org/jadwiga/ herbs/medievalgardens.htm Labyrinths and Mazes

40. http://medievaleurope.mrdonn.org/grego rian_chants.html Lesson plan: http://www.lessonopoly.org/node/10263# Music

41. Listen to Medieval Music  http://www.music.iastate.edu/antiqua/instru mt.html http://www.music.iastate.edu/antiqua/instru mt.html  http://www.npr.org/programs/morning/fea tures/2001/may/010503.medieval.html http://www.npr.org/programs/morning/fea tures/2001/may/010503.medieval.html 