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Chapter 11 Movement & Coordination
Pride Health Mr. Theisinger – King of the World
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PRETEST What system is primarily responsible for control of the body and all functions? What system is comprised of bones and joints? What system aids the bones and joints in movements through contraction? What are the 3 types of muscle? About how many bones are in the adult human body? What is the number one way to maintain nervous system health? What is one function of the skeletal system? What does RICE stand for?
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Unit Goals Students will be able to…
Identify roles of the skeletal system Describe functions of bones and joints Explain how to maintain skeletal health Describe functions of the three types of muscles Explain how to maintain muscular health Explain roles of the nervous system Describe roles of central and peripheral nervous system Explain how to maintain nervous system health
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Unit Preview Section 11-1: Skeletal System
Functions of Bones Bones & Joints Maintaining Health Section 11-2: Muscular System Types of Muscles Section 11-3: Nervous System Types of Nerves Central Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System
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Preview Activity Label the parts on the provided handout of the skeletal, muscle, and nervous systems.
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Section 11-1 – The Skeletal System
Functions of the System Support & Protection Movement Storage and Production of Materials Bones and Joints Development Structure Joints Maintaining Health
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Functions of the Skeletal System
Support and Protection Provide shape of body Vertebrae Protect organs Movement Coordinates based on muscles and nervous system Storage and Protection of Materials Store phosphorous and calcium Produce some blood cells
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Bones & Joints Development Structure Joints
Bones undergo change throughout life Cartilage – tough tissue that you are born with instead of bones Ossification – process of hardening cartilage to become bone Structure Made of compact bone and spongy bone Marrow fills in spaces within the bone Red marrow produces blood cells Yellow marrow stores fat Joints Allow for movement Protect from friction and force 4 types (see page 269) Ligaments – fibrous bands that hold bones together to form joints
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Maintaining Skeletal Health
Eating Well Get adequate amounts of phosphorous and calcium to prevent osteoporosis Exercising Weight bearing Avoiding Bone Injuries Use proper equipment to prevent fractures Avoiding Joint Injuries Sprain – use ice and pain relievers Dislocation – seek medical attention if serious Torn cartilage – surgery Rest Medical Checkups Seek medical attention for any bone or joint pain
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Chapter Homework What are the 5 main roles of the skeletal system? What is the process of hardening cartilage into bone? What are the 2 types of bone marrow and what does each type do? How can you prevent osteoporosis?
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Section 11-2 – Muscular System
Muscles Types How They Work Tone Keeping Muscles Healthy Working Muscles Avoiding Injuries Preventing Cramps
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Muscles in the Body Types Movement Tone
Smooth – carry out involuntary movements in the body Esophagus and blood vessels Cardiac – involuntary heart muscles that control beating and blood flow Skeletal – attached to bones by tendons – controls movements of body Movement All muscles contract to create movement Tone Tension of muscles to support body Atrophy – weakening of muscles due to lack of use or injury
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Keeping Muscles Healthy
Working Muscles Aerobic exercise increases endurance Anaerobic exercise increases strength Avoiding Muscle Injuries Strain – pulled muscle or rip in muscle fibers Tendonitis – swelling of muscles RICE Exercise regularly Preventing Muscle Cramps Drink fluids Rest Massage area of pain
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Section Homework What are the 3 types of muscle? Provide a specific example of each type. How do muscles allow the body to move? Name 2 ways to prevent injuries to muscles.
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Section 11-3 – The Nervous System
Nerves Central Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System Maintaining Nervous System Health
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Nervous System Sends and receives information about environment and body’s response to environment Neuron – basic unit of the nervous system Carries impulses (messages) from one part of body to another Composed of dendrites, cell body, and axon
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Neurons 3 Types: Sensory – internal and external neurons that sense the environment Interneurons – located in the brain and spinal cord and passes impulses Motor – send impulses to muscles and glands to tell them to work
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Central Nervous System
Control center of the body 2 Parts: Brain – made up of 100 billion neurons Made up of 3 parts: Cerebrum – controls most thought Cerebellum – coordinates movement and balance Stem – coordinates involuntary actions Spinal Cord – links brain to peripheral nervous system Helps control some reflexes to stimulate quicker movements
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Peripheral Nervous System
Network of nerves that links the body to the central nervous system Sensory Division – carry info from external environment to internal environment Motor Division – controls responses based on info from sensory division Somatic – voluntary Autonomic – automatic reactions
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Maintaining Nervous System Health
PROTECT IT FROM INJURY! Head Injuries: Concussions Comas Spinal Cord Injuries: Paralysis Nerve Injuries: Carpal Tunnel Infections: Meningitis Rabies
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Section Homework What are the two main parts of the nervous system? What are the two main divisions of the nervous system? What are the three main parts of a neuron? What is the best way to maintain nervous system health? What are the 3 areas of the brain and each of their main functions?
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