1. Language Development Birth to Age 2 Aimee Cohen & Sandy Sunnongmuang Dr. Bartel 322

2. What is Language? A rule-governed symbol system for communicating meaning through a shared code of arbitrary symbols A code A code 1. Reading 2. Writing 3. Speaking 4. Some gesture systems

3. What makes up this language code? * Rules Creating Creating 1. Sounds 2. Letters 3. Body movements Modifying Modifying 1. Girl + -s = girls, walk + -ed = walked, 2. teach + -er = teacher, quick + -ly = quickly, 3. Dis- + obey = disobey

4. What makes up this language code? Combining Combining Meaning Meaning Conversation Conversation 1. Telling a story 2. Using different forms of language for different listeners 3. Purposes 4. Situations

5. Understanding of Language Most human characteristic Most human characteristic Many ways to express Many ways to express Speaking Speaking Using sign language Using sign language Writing Writing Using computerized communication devices Using computerized communication devices

6. How is Language Learned? Gradually through interaction Gradually through interaction Symbolization of thought Symbolization of thought

7. Speech-language pathologists AKA speech therapists The professionals The professionals Assess speech & language development Assess speech & language development Treat language & speech disorders Treat language & speech disorders Also help w/ swallowing disorders Also help w/ swallowing disorders

8. Semantic Development Semantics; study of meaning of words Semantic Component Theory All words have fundamental features “Colorless green ideas sleep furiously” NOT green & colorless Selection restrictions

9. Syntactic Development Syntax; study of rules that govern how words are put together to make sentences Syntax; study of rules that govern how words are put together to make sentences

10. Phonological Development Phonology; study of sound system (phonemes) Rules Phoneme Vowels; unobstructed flow of air Consonants; obstructed flow of air

11. Morphological Development Morphology; study of words & how formed Rules Morphemes 1. 1. Free (cat, farm, blue, berry) 2. 2. Bound ( -s, -er, -ed)

12. Pragmatic Development/Skills Develop in early weeks of life Develop in early weeks of life 1. Knowing 2. Participate 3. Notice & Respond 4. Awareness 5. Initiating 6. Maintain 7. Appropriate eye-contact 8. Distinguish

13. Receptive Language: Developmental Milestones Birth Birth Learning starts at birth Learning starts at birth Awareness of sounds Awareness of sounds Crying Crying Become “still” Become “still”

14. Receptive Language: Developmental Milestones 0-3 months 0-3 months Turn to you Turn to you Smile at you Smile at you ”Recognize” familiar voice ”Recognize” familiar voice Notice unfamiliar voices Notice unfamiliar voices Comforting tones Comforting tones

15. Receptive Language: Developmental Milestones 4-6 months 4-6 months Respond to “no” Respond to “no” Changes in tones of voice Changes in tones of voice Toys, music, rhythms Toys, music, rhythms Household sounds Household sounds

16. Receptive Language: Developmental Milestones 7-12 months 7-12 months listens when spoken to listens when spoken to responds to name responds to name discovers fun of simple games discovers fun of simple games recognizes names of familiar objects recognizes names of familiar objects responds to questions and requests responds to questions and requests

17. Receptive Language: Developmental Milestones 1-2 years 1-2 years points to things points to things can follow simple commands can follow simple commands understands simple questions understands simple questions likes listening to simple stories likes listening to simple stories enjoys songs and rhymes enjoys songs and rhymes wants repetition of songs and rhymes wants repetition of songs and rhymes

18. Expressive Language: Developmental Milestones Birth Birth make sounds when in pain make sounds when in pain make sounds when in pleasure make sounds when in pleasure

19. Expressive Language: Developmental Milestones 0-3 months 0-3 months smiles when you come into view smiles when you come into view repeats the sounds repeats the sounds ”coos and goos” a lot when content ”coos and goos” a lot when content cries “differentiate” cries “differentiate”

20. Expressive Language: Developmental Milestones 4-6 months 4-6 months gurgling sounds or “vocal play” gurgling sounds or “vocal play” babbling begins babbling begins ”speech-like” babbling ”speech-like” babbling uses sound to tell you things uses sound to tell you things

21. Expressive Language: Developmental Milestones 7-12 months 7-12 months babbling changes babbling changes uses sounds other than crying uses sounds other than crying first words will be spoken first words will be spoken

22. Expressive Language: Developmental Milestones 1-2 years 1-2 years accumulating words accumulating words asks 2-word questions asks 2-word questions makes 2-word combinations makes 2-word combinations words become clearer words become clearer

23. By Age 1: Activities to Encourage you Child’s Language Respond to your child Respond to your child Talk to your child Talk to your child Colorful books Colorful books Nursery rhymes and songs Nursery rhymes and songs Teach your child names Teach your child names Visit new places Visit new places Play simple games Play simple games

24. Between Ages 1 & 2: Activities to Encourage you Child’s Language Reward and encourage Reward and encourage Talk about what you are doing Talk about what you are doing Talk simply, clearly, and slowly Talk simply, clearly, and slowly Talk about new situations Talk about new situations Make eye contact Make eye contact Describing Describing Children’s records & tapes Children’s records & tapes Give your child praise Give your child praise

25. References 1. The American Speech Language Hearing Association The American Speech Language Hearing Association The American Speech Language Hearing Association 2. PBSparents PBSparents 3. Caroline Bowen PhD Caroline Bowen PhD Caroline Bowen PhD 4. Speech & Language Milestone Chart Speech & Language Milestone Chart Speech & Language Milestone Chart