1. Education in Displacement: Promoting Access, Building Systems Week 1: Background to Education in Displacement Sarah Dryden-Peterson Doctoral Candidate, Harvard Graduate School of Education Research Associate, Refugee Law Project, Uganda

2. By Definition (UNESCO, 2006) Refugee Crossed state border due to a “well-founded fear of being persecuted” (1951 Convention) Internally Displaced Person (IDP) Displaced within state borders Non-migrant Stayed behind in an area where most have been displaced Returnee Refugee or IDP who has returned home (repatriation for refugees) Asylum-seeker Seeking status as a refugee in a country of asylum

3. By Numbers More than 43 million displaced people globally 18.7 million refugees (UNHCR, 2006) 24.5 million IDPs (IDMC, 2006) 1% of global population suffered displacement in the 1990s (Sinclair, 2002: 23) The majority of displaced people are children (UNHCR, 2006)

4. By Region, Refugees (UNHCR, 2006: 6-7) Source Countries Afghanistan= 2.1 million Iraq= 1.5 million Sudan= 686,000 Somalia= 460,000 DRC= 400,000 Burundi=400,000 Countries of Asylum Pakistan= 1.1 million Iran= 1 million USA= 844,000 Syria= 702,000 Germany= 605,000 Tanzania= 485,000

5. By Region, Refugees (UNRWA, 2006) Palestinian Refugees Palestinian refugees fall under the United Nations Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA) and are not included in UNHCR numbers 4.4 million Palestinian refugees (2006) Living primarily in Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, the West Bank, and the Gaza Strip

6. By Region, IDPs (IDMC, 2007: 4) www.internal-displacement.org www.internal-displacement.org

7. People are dying, why education? “Education is the hope for the future.” Jacques Bwria, 2002 Education as priority for displaced people Human Right Convention on the Rights of the Child Legal Right 1951 Convention, Article 22 1967 Protocol Policy Goal Millennium Development Goals Education For All

8. What role can education play in the chaos of displacement? A tool of protection (UNESCO, 2007: 4) Physical Psychosocial Cognitive Promotes self-reliance and social and economic development (Sinclair, 2002: 27) Prevents conflict or recurrence of conflict (Sinclair, 2002: 123) Education as the fourth pillar of humanitarian assistance Focus on living not dying (Martone & Neighbor, 2006: 3)

9. What does education in displacement involve? Education activities Community-initiated Recreation Formal school system Curriculum Teacher training Certifications

10. What is different about education in displacement? Short time scale Urgency Funding constraints Substantive focus Healing Focus on rebuilding Pedagogy Wait time Discipline Return on investment Increased access Opportunity cost Standards

11. What principles guide planning and practice of educational programs in displacement?