2. The Literacy Coach: A Key to Improving Teaching and Learning in Secondary Schools Elizabeth G. Sturtevant George Mason University

3. National Need For Educated Citizens Our global economy depends upon workers who are educated and productive. Our democratic society requires citizens who are knowledgeable and involved. Our families and communities require adults who are caring, thoughtful decision-makers.

4. Current Concerns Literacy demands are greater for youth today than for previous generations. Far too many young people struggle with advanced reading and writing. Middle and high school teachers have only limited preparation in helping students with reading and writing.

5. What Students Need Instruction focused on helping them gain advanced content knowledge and advanced levels of literacy. An emphasis on critical thinking and concept development rather than memorization of facts. Programs designed to meet their individual needs as learners.

6. What Teachers Need Excellent beginning teacher preparation. Mentoring and professional development opportunities during their careers. A professional environment that supports teaching excellence.

7. The Literacy Coach’s Role To provide essential leadership for the school literacy program. To guide teachers in using strategies that support literacy development. To work collaboratively with teachers and administrators. To share knowledge of research on effective literacy practices.

8. Current Conditions In a few districts, secondary reading specialists who serve as resource teachers (coaches) have been in place for many years. Many programs are just beginning to use literacy coaches in middle and high schools. Funding is often very problematic.

9. What is Needed? The Alliance for Excellent Education estimates that 10,000 new literacy coaches are needed to meet the needs of the more than nine million fourth through twelfth graders who read at “below basic” levels.

10. Necessary Qualifications of Coaches Strong and current knowledge about reading and writing development and research-based teaching strategies. Experience teaching adolescents with diverse needs. Effectiveness in working collaboratively with other educators.

11. Preparation Pathways Reading specialist certification is offered by most states. States, regions, or districts can collaborate with colleges and universities. Practicing teachers may join cohort groups that are prepared for work in middle and high schools.

12. Next Steps Funding for coaches in high-need schools. Recruitment and preparation of coaches. Program development. Research and evaluation studies.