1. Planning & World Heritage Event: Local Authority World Heritage Forum (LAWHF), English Heritage and ICOMOS-UK What is World Heritage? David Thackray, Chair ICOMOS-UK World Heritage Committee & Susan Denyer, Secretary ICOMOS-UK Planning and World Heritage, 24 February & 2 March 2010

2. WHAT IS WORLD HERITAGE? The Convention concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, - the World Heritage Convention was adopted by UNESCO in 1972 to identify and protect the world’s natural and cultural heritage considered to be of “outstanding universal value ”

3. Planning and World Heritage, 24 February & 2 March 2010 World Heritage Convention 1972 for the protection of World’s Cultural & Natural Heritage Set up to recognise sites of ‘outstanding universal value’ which: –Are part of the ‘world heritage of mankind as a whole’ –Deserve ‘protection & transmission to future generations’ –World Heritage sites are important for whole of humanity

4. World Heritage Convention 1972 for the protection of World’s Cultural & Natural Heritage Most successful international convention ever – in numerical terms: 890 World Heritage Sites in 141 countries 689 cultural sites 176 natural sites 25 mixed sites (both natural and cultural values) More countries signed and ratified than for any other international convention – over 180 Planning and World Heritage, 24 February & 2 March 2010

5. World Heritage Convention 1972 for the protection of World’s Cultural & Natural Heritage World Heritage Convention is ratified by States Parties (Governments) Who agree to conserve properties on their territories that are seen to be of outstanding universal value (OUV) And thus contribute towards protecting the shared heritage of humanity

6. World Heritage Convention 1972 for the protection of World’s Cultural & Natural Heritage Properties to be considered for World Heritage status are nominated by States Parties Evaluated by the Advisory Bodies: ICOMOS for cultural properties IUCN for natural properties Decision on inscription made by the World Heritage Committee –Representatives of 21 countries who serve for around four years Planning and World Heritage, 24 February & 2 March 2010

7. UNESCO WH Committee Sites are inscribed on the list by UNESCO WH Committee, if they are considered to: Have Outstanding Universal Value Meet certain criteria Conditions of authenticity and integrity Have adequate protection and management Planning and World Heritage, 24 February & 2 March 2010

8. Operational Guidelines 2008 The Operational Guidelines set out the criteria for selection of sites judged to be of Outstanding Universal Value to be included on the World Heritage List. These criteria are subject to review and revision. The OG also provide guidance on the nomination process, which has to be very selective. In 1992, the World Heritage Committee adopted a new sub-category of cultural sites- Cultural Landscapes, reflecting significant interactions between people and the natural environment. The OG also emphasize that the all inscribed properties must satisfy conditions of protection, management, authenticity and integrity

9. Planning and World Heritage, 24 February & 2 March 2010 OUV 2008 Operational Guidelines: OUV means cultural and/or natural significance which is so exceptional as to transcend national boundaries and to be of common importance for present and future generations of all humanity.

10. Planning and World Heritage, 24 February & 2 March 2010 However, what is fixed is the assessment of value and application of criteria at the time of inscription –what at that moment the Committee considered was a justification of OUV OUV defines the thinking at the time of inscription

11. Planning and World Heritage, 24 February & 2 March 2010 Statement of OUV (SoOUV) Today when World Heritage Committee agrees to inscribe a property on the list, a SoOUV is provided and agreed that: Encapsulates why the property is considered to be of OUV –How it satisfies criteria, authenticity, integrity, protection and management

12. Planning and World Heritage, 24 February & 2 March 2010 SoOUV Is reference point for: Monitoring Periodic Reporting Potential reactive monitoring (SOC) Possible Danger listing Deletion

13. Planning and World Heritage, 24 February & 2 March 2010 SoOUV For many properties that were inscribed in the 1980s and 1990s –there is no SoOUV –and in some cases no justification for the criteria As SoOUV underpins the monitoring process –Need to fill the gaps

14. Planning and World Heritage, 24 February & 2 March 2010 SoOUV Op Guidelines: If a SoOUV is not available or incomplete –It will be necessary in the first periodic report for the State Party to propose such a statement Such SoOUV will be examined by the Advisory Body(ies) concerned –and transmitted to the World Heritage Committee for approval, if appropriate

15. SoOUV English Heritage, Historic Scotland and Cadw are now working with WHSs To draft SoOUVs for all WHSs without them –for consideration by the WH Committee after evaluation by the ABs –ICOMOS-UK is helping with this process Planning and World Heritage, 24 February & 2 March 2010

16. OUV: recap OUV is about Why the property is of global significance: Nomination Dossier submitted by the State Party presents the case for OUV Advisory Bodies evaluate whether they consider property has OUV and make recommendations World Heritage Committee agrees on OUV for properties that it recommends for inscription Planning and World Heritage, 24 February & 2 March 2010

17. OUV OUV is thus fixed at time of inscription Can only be altered or amended by new Nomination And is thus non-negotiable Planning and World Heritage, 24 February & 2 March 2010

18. The WH Convention is a site based convention It is properties that are inscribed on the List, not people or ideas –OUV may be linked to ideas –such as influence, defining moments in history, beliefs, scarcity, rarity, beauty, diversity, etc Ultimately what is inscribed is the property –a collection of physical attributes that carry OUV physical or spatial entities wherein value lies and associated on-going processes: traditional land use, social rituals, spiritual beliefs, etc

19. Planning and World Heritage, 24 February & 2 March 2010 Value-Based Management Inscription brings a commitment to sustain OUV over time Cannot manage OUV directly Can manage the attributes that convey OUV Value-based management: Is management of attributes that reflect OUV

20. UK WORLD HERITAGE SITES There are currently 28 UK sites inscribed on the World Heritage List Under the terms of the UNESCO Convention, the UK Govt has undertaken the identification, protection, conservation and transmission of its WHS to future generations.

21. OUV Once a property has been inscribed as a WHS: State Party has responsibility to sustain OUV In the UK: SP devolves that responsibility to Local Authorities, –with advice from Agencies (EH/HS/Cadw) Planning and World Heritage, 24 February & 2 March 2010

22. Managing Change Obligation for a management system, set out in a Management Plan That explains who is to be responsible for sustaining OUV and how this is to be achieved The Plan should not be seen as something in isolation Must be part of the sustainable development of both the WHS and its wider hinterland Planning and World Heritage, 24 February & 2 March 2010

23. Managing Change In evaluating proposals for change in the WHS It is essential that adequate impact assessments are carried out to demonstrate the impact on OUV (which is non-negotiable) Through assessing impact on the defined attributes of OUV Not everything in a WHS contributes to OUV What needs protecting are the clearly defined attributes that convey OUV Planning and World Heritage, 24 February & 2 March 2010

24. Attributes May be buildings, spatial plans, views, coherence of built fabric, agricultural landscape, mining remains, The attributes have importance as a group –they must be treated as a whole Integrity is about the property encompassing all the necessary attributes within its boundaries Authenticity is about the ability of the attributes to convey OUV truthfully Planning and World Heritage, 24 February & 2 March 2010

25. Setting Attributes need to be able to convey their OUV WHSs must as a whole convey their OUV In order to achieve this, the setting of WHSs needs to be protected in the way it allows understanding of OUV –Immediate setting may be protected by a Buffer Zone or other designations –Wider setting may be protected by other mechanisms Planning and World Heritage, 24 February & 2 March 2010

26. Key Messages 1 OUV is defined at the time of inscription It is conveyed by a specific collection of attributes Not everything in the WHS is an attributes – need to understand what is Setting may contribute to understanding and perception of OUV Planning and World Heritage, 24 February & 2 March 2010

27. Key Messages 2 WHSs are single properties with a coherence –Ensemble of attributes that as a whole convey OUV Must be managed so as to sustain OUV –Through managing attributes Impact assessments need to –Recognise WHS as single properties –Consider impact specifically on attributes of OUV Planning and World Heritage, 24 February & 2 March 2010

28. The credibility of the WH Convention Rests on the ability of the WH Committee and States Parties to –Define and then sustain OUV over time

29. Planning and World Heritage, 24 February & 2 March 2010 If the Convention is to continue to be a visionary instrument And a major tool for global conservation OUV must underpin all actions associated with inscribed sites –To achieve this necessitates: –Sharper monitoring tools to allow the attributes that carry OUV to be monitored over time –Greater awareness and understanding of OUV amongst all stakeholders –shared concern for the conservation of humanity’s heritage

30. National Players DCMS CLG DEFRA Devolved administrations Other government departments and agencies UK National Commission for UNESCO English Heritage ICOMOS UK IUCN All Party Parliamentary World Heritage Group (APPWHG) Local Authority World Heritage Forum (LAWHF)

31. City of Bath Planning and World Heritage, 24 February & 2 March 2010

32. City of Bath: OUV The Roman remains, marked the beginning of Bath's history as a spa town. The Georgian city reflects the ambitions of John Wood Senior, Ralph Allen and Richard 'Beau' Nash to make Bath into one of the most beautiful cities in Europe, with architecture and landscape combined harmoniously for the enjoyment of the spa town's cure takers. The Neo-classical style of the public buildings harmonises with the grandiose proportions of the monumental ensembles and collectively reflects the ambitions, particularly social, of the spa city in the 18th century. Planning and World Heritage, 24 February & 2 March 2010

33. City of Bath: OUV The individual Georgian buildings reflect the profound influence of Palladio, and their collective scale, style, and the organisation of the spaces between buildings epitomises the success of architects –such as the John Woods, Robert Adam, Thomas Baldwin, and John Palmer in transposing Palladio's ideas to the scale of a complete city, situated in a hollow in the hills and built to a Picturesque landscape aestheticism creating a strong garden city feel, more akin to the 19th century garden cities than the 17th century Renaissance cities. Planning and World Heritage, 24 February & 2 March 2010

34. Criterion (i) Represents a masterpiece of human creative genius Criterion (i): Bath's grandiose Neo-classical Palladian crescents, terraces, and squares spread out over the surrounding hills and set in its green valley are a demonstration par excellence of the integration of architecture, urban design, and landscape setting, and the deliberate creation of a beautiful city. Bath's quality of architecture and urban design, its visual homogeneity and its beauty is largely testament to the skill and creativity of the architects and visionaries of the 18th and 19th centuries who applied and developed Palladianism in response to the specific opportunities offered by the spa town and its physical environment and natural resources Creating a city that is harmonious and logical, in concord with its natural environment and extremely beautiful. Planning and World Heritage, 24 February & 2 March 2010

35. Criterion (ii) Exhibit an important interchange of human values, over a span of time or within a cultural area of the world, on developments in architecture or technology, monumental arts, town-planning or landscape design. Criterion (ii): Bath exemplifies the 18th century move away from the inward-looking uniform street layouts of Renaissance cities, towards the idea of planting buildings and cities in the landscape to achieve picturesque views and forms, –which could be seen echoed around Europe, particularly in the 19th century. Bath's urban and landscape spaces are created by the buildings that enclose them, providing a series of interlinked spaces that flow organically, –and that visually (and at times physically) draw in the green surrounding countryside to create a distinctive garden city feel Planning and World Heritage, 24 February & 2 March 2010

36. Criterion (iv):Be an outstanding example of a type of building or architectural or technological ensemble or landscape which illustrates (a) significant stage(s) in human history Criterion (iv): Bath reflects two great eras in human history: Roman and Georgian. The Roman Baths and temple complex, together with the remains of the city of Aquae Sulis that grew up around them, make a significant contribution to the understanding and appreciation of Roman social and religious society. The 18th century redevelopment is a unique combination of outstanding urban architecture, spatial arrangement, and social history. Planning and World Heritage, 24 February & 2 March 2010

37. Bath exemplifies the main themes of the 18th century neoclassical city; the monumentalisation of ordinary houses, the integration of landscape and town, and the creation and interlinking of urban spaces, designed and developed as a response to the growing popularity of Bath as a society and spa destination and to provide an appropriate picturesque setting and facilities for the cure takers and social visitors. Although Bath gained greatest importance in Roman and Georgian times, the city nevertheless reflects continuous development over two millennia with the spectacular medieval Abbey Church sat beside the Roman temple and baths, in the heart of the 18th century and modern city.

38. City of Bath: Attributes Roman Remains Overlaid with planned town: Bath's grandiose Neo- classical Palladian crescents, terraces, and squares spread out over the surrounding hills and set in its green valley – picturesque views and forms Harmonious relationship – integration of landscape and town Bath's urban and landscape spaces are created by the buildings that enclose them, providing a series of interlinked spaces that flow organically, and that visually (and at times physically) draw in the green surrounding countryside to create a distinctive garden city feel Planning and World Heritage, 24 February & 2 March 2010

39. Bath Western Riverside Planning and World Heritage, 24 February & 2 March 2010

40. Bath Western Riverside Insert photo of Notre Dame scheme Planning and World Heritage, 24 February & 2 March 2010

41. Cornwall & West Devon Mining Landscape Planning and World Heritage, 24 February & 2 March 2010

42. Cornwall & West Devon Mining Landscape OUV Much of the landscape of Cornwall and West Devon was transformed in the 18th and early 19th centuries as a result of the rapid growth of pioneering copper and tin mining. Its deep underground mines, engine houses, foundries, new towns, smallholdings, ports and harbours, ancillary industries, great houses and estates, and mineralogical sites together reflect prolific innovation that drove this crucible of industrial development which in the early 19th century produced two thirds of the world’s supply of copper Planning and World Heritage, 24 February & 2 March 2010

43. Cornwall & West Devon Mining Landscape OUV Between 1700 and 1814, the industrialisation of non- ferrous mining in Cornwall and West Devon transformed the landscape and the structure of society – and contributed substantially to the development of an industrialised economy in Britain and around the world. The mines of Cornwall and West Devon, through the development and use of steam technology, became proponents of industrialised mining processes that had a profound effect on mining around the world. Planning and World Heritage, 24 February & 2 March 2010

44. The remains of mines, engines houses foundries, new planned towns, villages, smallholdings, ports, harbours, railways, canals, and tramways together are testimony, in an inter-linked and highly legible way the energy, to the sophistication and success of early, large-scale, industrialised, non-ferrous mining.

45. Cornwall & West Devon Mining Landscape Criterion (ii) Exhibit an important interchange of human values, over a span of time or within a cultural area of the world, on developments in architecture or technology, monumental arts, town-planning or landscape design. The development of industrialised mining in Cornwall and West Devon between 1700 and 1914, and particularly the innovative use of the beam engine, led to the evolution of an industrialised society manifest in the transformation of the landscape through the creation of new towns and villages, smallholdings, railways, canals, docks and ports, and this had a profound impact on the growth of industrialisation in the United Kingdom and then on industrialised mining around the world. Planning and World Heritage, 24 February & 2 March 2010

46. Cornwall & West Devon Mining Landscape Criterion (iii) - to bear a unique or at least exceptional testimony to a cultural tradition or to a civilization which is living or which has disappeared; The extent and scope of the remains of copper and tin mining, and the associated transformation of the urban and rural landscapes, – including the now distinctive plant communities of waste and spoil heaps and estuarine areas, presents a vivid and legible testimony to the success of Cornish and West Devon industrialised mining when the area dominated the world's output of copper, tin and arsenic. Planning and World Heritage, 24 February & 2 March 2010

47. Cornwall & West Devon Mining Landscape Criterion (iv): Be an outstanding example of a type of building or architectural or technological ensemble or landscape which illustrates (a) significant stage(s) in human history The mining landscape of Cornwall and West Devon, and particularly its characteristic engine houses and beam engines, as a technological ensemble in a landscape, reflect the substantial contribution the area made to the industrial revolution and formative changes in mining practices around the world. Planning and World Heritage, 24 February & 2 March 2010

48. Cornwall & West Devon Mining Landscape: Attributes Aspects of the cultural landscape that reflect the way mining transformed society and its settlement patterns Not only mines, factories and physical remains of active mining processes Also new and modified forms of settlement; new towns, small holdings, grand buildings to display wealth, transport, ports, Relationship between factories and housing Planning and World Heritage, 24 February & 2 March 2010

49. Cornwall & West Devon Mining Landscape: Hayle Harbour Planning and World Heritage, 24 February & 2 March 2010

50. The Cornwall and West Devon Mining Landscape was inscribed as a cultural landscape- not an ensemble of archaeological sites, and thus it is the overall landscape pattern and coherence that are part of the attributes of OUV. The extensive quays and wharves of Hayle were said in the nomination to ‘survive largely intact’ and to ‘clearly define the character of the broad open shape of one of Europe’s most outstanding estuarine settings’. Hayle was also said to ‘include the principal surviving fabric of the largest integrated mining fabric and steam engine manufacturing centre anywhere in Britain’.

51. Cornwall & West Devon Mining Landscape: Hayle Harbour Hayle Harbour proposed development Planning and World Heritage, 24 February & 2 March 2010

52. Cornwall & West Devon Mining Landscape: Hayle Harbour Planning and World Heritage, 24 February & 2 March 2010

53. Derwent Valley Mills

54. Derwent Valley Mills OUV The Derwent valley contains a series of 18th and 19th century cotton mills and an industrial landscape of high historical and technological significance. It began with the construction of the Silk Mill in Derby in 1727 It was Richard Arkwright who constructed a water- powered spinning mill at Cromford in 1771, and a second, larger mill in 1776–77 and established the "Arkwright System«. The workers' housing associated with this and the other mills are intact and span 24km of the Derwent valley Much of the landscape setting of the mills and the industrial communities, which was much admired in the 18th and early 19th centuries, has survived Planning and World Heritage, 24 February & 2 March 2010

55. Derwent Valley Mills OUV The Derwent valley mills may be considered to be the model for factories throughout the world in subsequent centuries. The cultural landscape of the Derwent valley was where that the modern factory system was developed and established, –to accommodate the new technology for spinning cotton developed by Richard Arkwright and new processes for efficient production The insertion of industrial establishments and housing into a rural landscape created an exceptional industrial landscape. The change from water to steam power in the 19 th century moved the focus of the industry elsewhere and thus the main attributes of this remarkable cultural landscape were arrested in time Planning and World Heritage, 24 February & 2 March 2010

56. Derwent Valley Mills Attributes Factories The relationship of the industrial installations and their dependent housing settlements to the river and its tributaries and to the topography of the surrounding rural landscape has been preserved, especially in the upper reaches of the valley, virtually intact, Similarly, the interdependence of the mills and other industrial elements, such as the canals and railway, and the workers' housing, is still plainly visible. Planning and World Heritage, 24 February & 2 March 2010

57. Derwent Valley Mills WHS: Belper

58. Tesco Stores, Belper

60. Tesco Store, Belper

61. Thank you Planning and World Heritage, 24 February & 2 March 2010