1. Automated Tracking of Online Service Policies J. Trent Adams 1 Kevin Bauer 2 Asa Hardcastle 3 Dirk Grunwald 2 Douglas Sicker 2 1 The Internet Society 2 University of Colorado 3 OpenLiberty.org 38th Research Conference on Communication, Information and Internet Policy

2. What They Know Search queries Web browsing habits Shopping habits Social relationships Offline behaviors Personal interests 1 TPRC 2010: Automated Tracking of Online Service Policies Possible medical conditions Financial status

3. User Tracking is Easy and Common 2 TPRC 2010: Automated Tracking of Online Service Policies When a user visits a website… Website Implicit information revealed: IP address HTTP request headers (user-agent, operating system, local time and language, referrer) This information alone can be used to construct an identifying, trackable profile [EFF’s Panopticlick, PETS ’10] Additional tracking elements: Sites often embed cookies and other tools to explicitly identify and track users dictionary.reference.com Source: http://blogs.wsj.com/wtk

4. The Need for Clear Policy Articulation Given the inherent privacy risks in ordinary web browsing, most sites explicitly explain how they handle sensitive user data (PII) in a human-readable, natural language privacy policy or terms of service document TPRC 2010: Automated Tracking of Online Service Policies 3 Pros of natural language policies Near universal deployment Cons of natural language policies Users must find, read, and comprehend the policies Comprehension is poor for natural language policies [McDonald et al., PETS ’09]

5. Structured Policy Formats: P3P The Platform for Privacy Preferences (P3P) is a machine- readable XML schema for encoding: – What kind of user information is collected – How any collected user information is used – How long user information is stored P3P files can be automatically parsed and semantically analyzed by the web browser Users can specify their own preferences and interact only with sites with compatible policies Policy information can be transformed into “standardized” formats to improve policy comprehension TPRC 2010: Automated Tracking of Online Service Policies 4

6. P3P and Standardized Policy Formats TPRC 2010: Automated Tracking of Online Service Policies 5 Structured policy formats (like P3P) can be summarized and displayed to users in standardized, easy to read formats... “Privacy Finder” P3P Search Engine Result ≈

7. Slow Adoption for P3P A study by Cranor et al. found that the most popular web sites tend to be more likely to offer P3P, but overall deployment is very low TPRC 2010: Automated Tracking of Online Service Policies 6 Source: Cranor et al., Electronic Commerce Research and Applications 2008 2006: Only 10.25% offer P3P 2008: Only 13.59% offer P3P

8. Our Goal: Make Interacting with Natural Language Policies Easier P3P adoption is limited, but human-readable policies are prevalent This is a stop-gap measure: Until a structured policy format is widely adopted, we must interact with natural language policies TPRC 2010: Automated Tracking of Online Service Policies 7 Our contribution: Design and implement Policy Audit System - Aggregates natural language policies for a wide variety of websites - Periodically checks these policy documents for updates - Enables distribution of policies to interested users - Notifies users about specific changes in policies P3P Natural language policy tracking Natural language policy tracking … New structured policy format?

9. Policy Audit System: Architecture TPRC 2010: Automated Tracking of Online Service Policies 8 Key Components: - Policy Monitor: Periodically fetches known policy documents for a large set of websites; checks policies for changes - Policy Library: The collection of policy documents for each site over time - Policy Library Mirrors: Copies of the policy library hosted by third parties - Clients: Offers a way for users to obtain current or past policy information

10. Policy Monitor Periodically fetches a set of policy document URLs Extracts relevant policy text using standard text parsing techniques Compares the latest version to previously seen version to detect changes Records latest version (if changed) Based on the EFF’s TOSBack service ( http://www.tosback.org ) TPRC 2010: Automated Tracking of Online Service Policies 9

11. Policy Library The Policy Monitor produces a library of policy documents, as they change over time The Policy Library is a directory structure available via the web: – A list of tracked web websites – Policy text snapshots, or previous versions – Various metadata to help find the latest document version The master library is hosted by the University of Colorado Currently tracking 76 distinct policies (more coming soon) TPRC 2010: Automated Tracking of Online Service Policies 10

12. Policy Library Mirrors Policy Library copies that are distributed among trusted parties The Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF), the Center for Democracy and Technology (CDT), and the University of Colorado host Policy Library mirrors TPRC 2010: Automated Tracking of Online Service Policies 11

13. Clients Generically, a client offers an interface to the Policy Library, providing access to policy data A client could offer the ability to search the library, automate change notification via twitter, ATOM, RSS, or e-mail We developed a client as a Firefox plugin that displays policy information (and notification of changes) for the current site the user is visiting TPRC 2010: Automated Tracking of Online Service Policies 12

14. Example Client: Firefox Browser Plug-in * Accesses the Policy Library and alerts the user when they visit a website that publishes a policy that the Policy Monitor is tracking TPRC 2010: Automated Tracking of Online Service Policies 13 Alert Icons Visiting a site that’s not tracked Visiting a tracked site, but no change in policy since last visit Visiting a tracked site with an updated policy since last visit Visiting a tracked site with an unread policy * sponsored by

15. Plug-in: Visiting a Tracked Site TPRC 2010: Automated Tracking of Online Service Policies 14 Menu lists tracked policies

16. Plug-in: Visiting a Tracked Site with Policy Changes TPRC 2010: Automated Tracking of Online Service Policies 15

17. Plug-in: Discovering Third Party Information Disclosure TPRC 2010: Automated Tracking of Online Service Policies 16 Current policies for a visited page www.apple.com/itunes Notify user of third-party page elements

18. Summary and Conclusion Given the absence of a widely adopted structured policy format, we argue that steps should be taken to make natural language policies easier for users to understand To this end, we present the Policy Audit System to track natural language policy documents and notify users of policy updates Our hope is that this work helps individuals make sense of natural language policies while we wait for a structured policy data format to be widely adopted For more information Project overview: http://www.policymonitor.org/about http://www.policymonitor.org/about Development community: http://www.policymonitor.org/sourcecode http://www.policymonitor.org/sourcecode Firefox plug-in download: http://www.policymonitor.org/auditplugin http://www.policymonitor.org/auditplugin TPRC 2010: Automated Tracking of Online Service Policies 17 Thank you kevin.bauer@colorado.edu