2. LOOK

3. 8/19/2015Theatre Arts 1(T) Sound: Properties and Functions Theatre Arts 1(T)

4. 8/19/2015Theatre Arts 1(T) Introduction to Sound Acoustics the study of sound; the science that deals with the production, control, transmission, reception, and effects of sound

6. 8/19/2015Theatre Arts 1(T) Sound is a vibration of a medium Medium – a material that transmits energy Speed of sound – varies depending on pressure, temperature 1129 ft/sec, 770 mi/hr in air, 4708 ft/sec, 3210 mi/hr in water 3.17 mi/sec in steel What we hear is based on perceived vibrations

8. 8/19/2015Theatre Arts 1(T) Sound travels in waves A transference of energy Energy transfers via rapid changes in the density of a medium

9. are measureable

10. 8/19/2015Theatre Arts 1(T) Wavelength (λ) the distance between repeating units of a wave pattern; measured from one crest to the next repeated crest, or one trough to the next repeated trough λ of a 10,000Hz sound –> 1.35 inches λ of a 188Hz sound –> 6 feet

11. 8/19/2015Theatre Arts 1(T) Amplitude (A) The distance of the crest or trough from neutral Amplitude in sound waves is representative of intensity, or loudness Loudness is measured in decibels (dB) <85 dB is considered harmful <95 dB (About what an iPod will put out) can cause permanent damage if exposed for prolonged periods <125 dB (Jet engine) can cause instant hearing damage

12. 8/19/2015Theatre Arts 1(T) Frequency (f) The number of occurrences of a repeated event per unit of time; pitch Generally measured in occurrences per second, or Hertz (Hz) Human hearing is said to be “20 to 20,” or from 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz (or 20kHz) Actually more like 22 Hz to 18kHz, and continues to decrease with age

13. Frequencies (Do you hear what I hear?) 8/19/2015Theatre Arts 1(T) 440 Hz 1000 Hz 1500 Hz 2 kHz 4 kHz 8 kHz 14 kHz 15 kHz 16 kHz 17 kHz 18 kHz 19 kHz 19.5 kHz

14. 8/19/2015Theatre Arts 1(T) Adding two different frequencies results in a different frequency, reinforced in some places & cancelled in others

15. 8/19/2015Theatre Arts 1(T) Adding two identical frequencies in the same phase reinforces the sound Adding two identical frequencies 180° out of phase cancels out the sound

16. Few sounds are pure tones; most sounds are made up of a combination of frequencies and amplitudes Timbre - /tam’-bər/ a quality given to a sound by its overtones (harmonics) Harmonic – a frequency that is an integral multiple of the fundamental 8/19/2015Theatre Arts 1(T)

17. LOOK

18. Perception of Sound Loudness – Distance decreases the loudness of a sound; air absorbs higher frequencies Hearing– humans hear 2,000 - 4000 Hz best, so this range is perceived louder than others Masking – one sound obscured by others; lower usually masks higher 8/19/2015Theatre Arts 1(T)

19. 8/19/2015Theatre Arts 1(T) Functions of Sound in Theatre Sound Effects – (FX) used to illustrate ideas in a play or establish ambience, i.e. radios, explosions, trees rustling in the wind, crickets at night, sounds of machinery in a manufacturing plant Underscoring – music used to establish or reinforce mood Live Reinforcement – microphones used to boost the loudness of existing sound(s)

20. 8/19/2015Theatre Arts 1(T) The Path of Sound Source – can be live or pre-recorded Microphones, pick-ups, synthesizers Or CD, tape, MD, mp3 or other computer file type, record, etc. Amplifier – adds power to source signal, boosts mic, instrument, or line level to speaker level Processor- can effect signals with effects or enhancements Output – either speaker or recording device

21. 8/19/2015Theatre Arts 1(T)

22. Input sources: 8/19/2015Theatre Arts 1(T)

23. Patch Panel SynthesizerComputerCD Crossover Delay Compressor Effects Processor Equalizer Mixing Console Amplifier Microphone 8/19/2015Theatre Arts 1(T)

24. Input sources: -Microphones 8/19/2015Theatre Arts 1(T)

25. Patch Panel SynthesizerComputerCD Crossover Delay Compressor Effects Processor Equalizer Mixing Console Amplifier Microphone 8/19/2015Theatre Arts 1(T)

26. Input sources: -Microphones -Synthesizer 8/19/2015Theatre Arts 1(T)

27. Patch Panel SynthesizerComputerCD Crossover Delay Compressor Effects Processor Equalizer Mixing Console Amplifier Microphone 8/19/2015Theatre Arts 1(T)

28. Input sources: -Microphones -Synthesizer -Computer 8/19/2015Theatre Arts 1(T)

29. Patch Panel SynthesizerComputerCD Crossover Delay Compressor Effects Processor Equalizer Mixing Console Amplifier Microphone 8/19/2015Theatre Arts 1(T)

30. Input sources: -Microphones -Synthesizer -Computer -CD 8/19/2015Theatre Arts 1(T)

31. Patch Panel SynthesizerComputerCD Crossover Delay Compressor Effects Processor Equalizer Mixing Console Amplifier Microphone 8/19/2015Theatre Arts 1(T)

32. Signal Processing: 8/19/2015Theatre Arts 1(T)

33. Signal Processing: -Equalizer 8/19/2015Theatre Arts 1(T)

34. Patch Panel SynthesizerComputerCD Crossover Delay Compressor Effects Processor Equalizer Mixing Console Amplifier Microphone 8/19/2015Theatre Arts 1(T)

35. Signal Processing: -Equalizer -Effects Processor 8/19/2015Theatre Arts 1(T)

36. Patch Panel SynthesizerComputerCD Crossover Delay Compressor Effects Processor Equalizer Mixing Console Amplifier Microphone 8/19/2015Theatre Arts 1(T)

37. Signal Processing: -Equalizer -Effects Processor -Compressor 8/19/2015Theatre Arts 1(T)

38. Patch Panel SynthesizerComputerCD Crossover Delay Compressor Effects Processor Equalizer Mixing Console Amplifier Microphone 8/19/2015Theatre Arts 1(T)

39. Signal Processing: -Equalizer -Effects Processor -Compressor -Delay 8/19/2015Theatre Arts 1(T)

40. Patch Panel SynthesizerComputerCD Crossover Delay Compressor Effects Processor Equalizer Mixing Console Amplifier Microphone 8/19/2015Theatre Arts 1(T)

41. Signal Processing: -Equalizer -Effects Processor -Compressor -Delay -Crossover 8/19/2015Theatre Arts 1(T)

42. Patch Panel SynthesizerComputerCD Crossover Delay Compressor Effects Processor Equalizer Mixing Console Amplifier Microphone 8/19/2015Theatre Arts 1(T)

43. Output Sources: 8/19/2015Theatre Arts 1(T)

44. Output Sources: -Amplifier 8/19/2015Theatre Arts 1(T)

45. Patch Panel SynthesizerComputerCD Crossover Delay Compressor Effects Processor Equalizer Mixing Console Amplifier Microphone 8/19/2015Theatre Arts 1(T)

46. Output Sources: -Amplifier -Loud Speakers 8/19/2015Theatre Arts 1(T)

47. Patch Panel SynthesizerComputerCD Crossover Delay Compressor Effects Processor Equalizer Mixing Console Amplifier Microphone 8/19/2015Theatre Arts 1(T)