1. Training in City of Durango, CO April 15, 2010 By Gary Liss Gary Liss & Associates 916-652-7850, gary@garyliss.comgary@garyliss.com www.garyliss.com Cooling the Planet with Zero Waste

2. Reduce Reuse Recycle Zero Waste =

3.  Zero Waste is a goal that is ethical, economical, efficient and visionary, to guide people in changing their lifestyles and practices to emulate sustainable natural cycles, where all discarded materials are designed to become resources for others to use.  Zero Waste means designing and managing products and processes to systematically avoid and eliminate the volume and toxicity of waste and materials, conserve and recover all resources, and not burn or bury them.  Implementing Zero Waste will eliminate all discharges to land, water or air that are a threat to planetary, human, animal or plant health. Definition of Zero Waste* * www.zwia.org/standards.html

4.  Landfills are one of the largest sources of Greenhouse Gases (GHG)  Methane is 21-105x more potent than CO 2 Zero Waste & Global Warming  71 Tons “Upstream” For Every Ton MSW  Recycling & composting all discards in CA = eliminating all auto exhaust in CA Wasteberg

7. Provided by Chris Jones, CoolCalifornia.org

8. Landfill methane is from rotting organics

9. Zero Waste Communities*  Canberra, Australia  NZ – Entire Country  Over 66% of NZ Cities  Seattle, WA  Chicago, IL  Central Vermont Waste Mgt.District  Austin, TX  Toronto, Ontario  Buenos Aires, Argentina  Telluride, CO  Boulder City & County, CO  Summit County, CO  Nelson, British Columbia (BC)  Regional Districts BC  Kootenay Boundary  Central Kootenay  Nelson  Cowichan Valley  Sunshine Coast  Halifax, Nova Scotia * Source: www. ZWIA.org

10. CA Zero Waste Communities  Rancho Cucomonga  Culver City (Sustainability Plan)  El Cajon  Fresno  City of Los Angeles (working on ZW Plan)  San Luis Obispo Co.  Del Norte County  Burbank SF Bay Area  San Francisco  Oakland  San Jose  Santa Cruz County & all cities in County  Berkeley  Palo Alto  Marin County  Novato  Fairfax

11.  World Environment Day in SF 2005  100 Largest Cities Asked to Adopt  Zero Waste by 2040 is one of Accords Urban Environmental Accords

12.  Nature Is The Model  Zero Waste, Or Darn Close  Businesses Have Achieved Over 90% Waste Reduction Is Zero Waste Attainable ? Picture: Methane Earth; Credit: GISS, NASAGISSNASA

13. Zero Waste Businesses are Leading the Way  Anheuser-Busch, Fairfield, CA  Apple Computer, Elk Grove, CA  Epson, OR  Fetzer Vineyards  Frankie’s Bohemian Café, SF  Greens Restaurant, SF  Hewlett-Packard, Roseville, CA  Honda  Mad River Brewery  New Belgium Brewery  Pillsbury  Playa Vista, LA, CA  Ricoh Electronics  San Diego Wild Animal Park  Scoma’s Restaurant, SF  Subaru  Toyota  Vons-Safeway  Xerox Corp Source: http://www.grrn.org/zerowas te/business/profiles.php

14. CO Zero Waste Businesses >90% Diversion New Belgium Brewery Adopted ZW Goal Wal-Mart Boulder ZW Biz HEB (considering) Service Providers (tbd) City of Durango Curbside Recycling Durango Compost Phoenix Recycling (Curbside + 75% C&D) WM C&D (but ADC) Local Nominees (tbd) Turtle Lake Refuge Pagosa Springs Resort Zuma Foods Oakhaven Institute Ska Brewing Durango Coffee Co. Chip Peddler

15. Reducing Waste Saves Money $$$ Trash service is expensive! Trash takes up valuable ‘real estate’ Wasted resources can be a commodity Reducing Waste is “Right Thing To Do” EMS Corporate Policies may require this Businesses gain political capital with investment and community groups by being “good” citizens Why would a business DO this?* * Margaret Bruce, Silicon Valley Manufacturing Group, Presentation to CRRA Annual Conference, Oakland, CA, July 16, 2002

16.  Manage Risks and Decrease Liabilities  Avoid Penalties and Benefit from Incentives  Marketing Edge (“Green” Business)  Pressure from Shareholders  Level Playing Field (Voluntary Industry Standards) Beyond Compliance

17. Typical Business Throughput Pie ™  Blue = Output related to Product  Grey = Non- product Output  This shows the inescapable logic of “zero emissions” for efficiency Source: Gil Friend, Natural Logic

18.  Pollution Prevention  Natural Step  Natural Capitalism  CERES Principles  Design for the Environment  Triple Bottom Line  Factor 4, Factor 10  ISO 14001 Zero Waste builds on and works with …

19.  Decentralized approach  Shifts costs and responsibility to producers, providing clearer choices for consumers  Costs to decline over time for Cities or Ratepayers  Businesses save $ by:  Product & process Improvements  Eliminating waste  More reuse, recycling and composting Can we Afford Zero Waste?

20.  Mining & Manufacturing Impacts Continue  Landfill Impacts and Liabilities Continue  Need 3-6 More Planets For U.S. Lifestyle to be Replicated What if We Don’t Design for Zero Waste ?

21. Zero Waste is about:  Responsibility  Stewardship  Competence  Vision  Ingenuity  New Thinking  New Technologies  Planning Ahead  Smartness  Forward-thinking  Balanced Alternatives  Efficiency  Prudence  Caring

22.  Upstream  Downstream  Green Businesses & Jobs Pillars of Zero Waste

23. Upstream = 71 x MSW Waste

24. MISSION “To shift California’s product waste management system from one focused on government funded and ratepayer financed waste diversion to one that relies on producer responsibility in order to reduce public costs and drive improvements in product design.” CA Product Stewardship Council www.caproductstewardship.org

25. CA 20-Year History of EPR EPR Programs in CAResponsibility Beverage ContainersGovt.–Producers – Retail TiresGovernment – Retailers Used OilGovernment – Retailers MonitorsGovt.–Producers – Retail Cell PhonesRetailers Takeback Rechargeable BatteriesRetailers Takeback Pharmaceuticals (2008?)Retailers Takeback

26.  Ensure the highest and best use of products and packaging at the end of their useful lives  Reuse products and packaging, retaining their original form and function  Recycle or compost materials that are not reduced or reused Downstream

27. 121 Cities separating food and soiled paper

28. Alameda County Billboards

29. Alameda County Transit Ads

30. Typical Equipment - Three cart set-out Compostables carts are 60-90 gallons

31. Typical Equipment - Food Scraps Only Container Typical Food only container is 12-15 gallons

32. Typical Equipment - Split body truck

33. Collection Options Different Collection Strategies for Collection of Source Separated Organics Material StreamsFrequency IWet (Food, soiled paper and other contamination) ↔*Dry (Recyclables and rubbish) Weekly IIRubbishRecyclables↔ Organics**Weekly III RubbishBiweekly Recyclables↔ Organics**Weekly IV Rubbish↔ Recyclables Biweekly Organics**Weekly VRubbish↔ Recyclables↔ Organics**Biweekly

34. Processing Options AerobicAnaerobic Digesters WindrowsIn-Vessel Open turned pilesShipping container Sewage Plant Digesters Static aerated piles SiloWet Digesters Covered - PodTunnelDry Digesters Covered - FabricChannel Rotating Drum

35.  Reuse, Recycling & Composting Processing, Manufacturing and Sales  Like Airports or Shopping Centers Resource Recovery Parks  Drop & Shop Convenience for Public  Lower Waste Fees  Buy @ Discounts  New Manufacturers

36. Resource Recovery Park, U.K.

37. Use More of What Nature Produces Source: Case Study: Coffee Growers in Colombia, Dick White

38. ZERI Product Cascading Out: In Clean- ing Fish Farm AlgaeIrriga- tion Mush- rooms Earth- worms Total Water100: 10 100: 72 100: 10 100: 8 100: 0 100: 0 100: 100 Fibers100: 0 100: 6 100: 0 100: 0 100: 40 100: 54 100: 100 Mushroom Compost 100: 50 Chickens Manure Source: Pauli, Gunter, Upsizing,”Output-Input Table,” 1998, p. 117

39. ZERI Brewery Project Namibia (southern Africa)  Good Beer, No Chemicals, No Pollution, More Sales and More Jobs  Produces 7x more Food, Fuel & Fertilizer, 4x as many jobs & 12 more Products, Compared to Conventional Beer Producer  Fully Integrated BioSystem  40 Different BioChemical Processes Reuse Everything (heat, H20, wastes, CO2)

40. ZERI Brewery Project Namibia (southern Africa)  Grow Mushrooms on Spent Grain  Chickens Eat Worms in Grain  Digester for Mushroom, Chicken Feed & Chicken Wastes Generates Methane Gas for Steam for Fermentation

41. ZERI Brewery Project Namibia (southern Africa)  Alkaline Water (normally needs chemicals to treat) goes into:  Fish Ponds (8 Different Types of Fish Sold)  Spiruline Algae (70% Protein helps on Child Malnutrition)  www.zeri.org www.zeri.org

42.  Restructure Marketplace  Revise To Encourage Waste Prevention, More Reuse, Recycling & Composting:  RFPs & Contracts, Rates, Ordinances, Land Use Permits, Facility Permits, General Plans, Zoning, Policies, & Definitions  Tax Bads, Not Goods Incentives

43.  Change Economics So What Was Marginal Is Now Economic  Pay For What You Want: Waste Prevention, Reuse, Recycling & Composting  Don’t Pay For Wasting (Or Much Less)  Recognize Waste As Symptom Of Inefficiency  Harness Forces Of Marketplace Incentives

44.  Expand, attract, and support green businesses and green collar jobs  Reserve sufficient land for Zero Waste infrastructure  Reinvest resources locally  Develop new markets Green Businesses and Jobs

45.  10,000 tons of SW = Landfill - 1 job Composting – 4 jobs Recycling – 10 jobs Reuse – 75 –250 jobs* *Source: www.ilsr.org Green Businesses and Jobs  Recycling Industry = Size of Auto Industry

46.  Adopt Zero Waste goals  Develop Zero Waste plans  Meet waste reduction targets  Source separate designated materials  Buy green products and services Help Local Business Be Green

47.  Recycle construction and demolition debris  Deconstruct existing buildings  Develop LEED-certified Green Buildings  Adhere to Zero Waste Business Principles* Help Local Business Be Green * see www.grrn.org/zerowaste/business/

48.  Precautionary Principle  Return to Vendor  Lease, Rent and Share Equipment  Reduce Packaging  Reusable Shipping Containers Purchasing for Zero Waste Source: Alicia Culver, Green Purchasing Institute

49.  Buy Recyclable, Recycled and Compostable Items  Buy Remanufactured Equipment  Purchase Durables  Buy Less Toxic Products Purchasing for Zero Waste

50.  Review Data, Policies and Programs  Participation Strategy  Service Opportunities Analysis  Menu of Policies, Programs and Facilities  Economics And Funding  Draft Zero Waste Plan Zero Waste Plan Scope

51.  Services Needed for Zero Waste, by Materials, Program and Facilities - Evaluate:  Franchisee, Other Collectors, Self-Haul  Services Needed by Sources  Family, MultiFamily, Commercial, City Govt., Schools, Self Haul Service Opportunities Analysis

53. Know Your Discards Value Material% in WastesValue ($/ton) Reusables6%$400 Putrescibles26%$35 Paper21%$100 Ceramics (C&D)10%$15 Metals9%$80 Polymers9%$150 Soils6%$15 Glass4%$25 Textiles3%$20 Plant Debris3%$35 Wood2%$15 Chemicals1%$200 Richard Anthony, Resource Management in the New Millennium, 2005, http://www.richardanthonyassociates.com/presentations/rm_2005.ppt

54. Know Your Discards Sources (Ref. Bill Worrell, San Luis Obispo County Integrated Waste Management Authority)

57. Menu of Incentives & Policies  UPSTREAM POLICIES  DOWNSTREAM POLICIES Source Separation, Incentives and New Rules, Composting, Infrastructure  CHANGING THE CULTURE  GREEN BUSINESS, GREEN BUILDINGS AND JOBS  MANAGEMENT OF RESIDUALS

58. GLOBAL PRINCIPLES FOR ZERO WASTE COMMUNITIES www.zwia.org

59. Provide Incentives Before Ban or Mandate Eliminate Waste by Designing Out of Products and Processes Foster Sustainable and Green Businesses Retailers Take Back Difficult to Recycle Materials Resource Recovery Park Producer Responsibility Expand City Outreach & Technical Assistance and Lead by Example Jobs from Design & Discards © Copyright Eco-Cycle, 2004 with text modifications by permission. www.ecocycle.org/zerowaste/zwsystem Empowered Consumer Zero Waste System (Replace with Oakland version)

60. Resolution for Zero Waste WHEREAS: The placement of materials in waste disposal facilities, such as landfills and incinerators, causes damage to human health, wastes natural resources and/or inappropriately transfers liabilities to future generations, and Landfills are the single largest man-made source of methane in the United States, and contribute significantly to global warming, and Reduced wasting, and increased reuse, recycling and composting could dramatically help reverse climate changes, and Communities are currently forced to assume the high financial cost of collecting, recycling, and disposing of increasingly complex and toxic products and packaging, which is an unfunded mandate, and A resource management based economy will create and sustain more productive and meaningful jobs, and Subsidies for wasting and use of virgin materials send the wrong economic signals to both consumers and producers, and Federal, state and local governments around the world are adopting policies to hold producers financially and/or physically responsible for collecting, recycling, and properly handling of products and packaging, and

61. Resolution for Zero Waste Producers should design products to ensure that they can be safely reused or recycled back into the marketplace or nature, and Most toxic product and packaging waste can be eliminated through the use of non-toxic alternatives in product design, and Voluntary recycling goals have not reduced wasting sufficiently, and Zero Waste policies and programs will establish practical ways in our community to eliminate waste or safely reuse, recycle or compost discarded products and packaging; THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED THAT The [City/ County/ Organization] hereby adopts a Zero Waste goal and directs staff to return with a Zero Waste Plan to implement that goal within one year.

62. Zero Waste International Alliance  www.zwia.org  Definition of Zero Waste  Zero Waste Business Principles  Global Principles for Zero Waste Communities  List of Zero Waste Communities

63. GrassRoots Recycling Network  www.grrn.org www.grrn.org  Zero Waste Communities  COOL2012.org  National ZW Conferences  Zero Waste Business Principles  Local government Resolutions  Media Briefing Kit  Kids Recycle!  College Zero Waste

64. Zero Waste Listservs  ZWIA ZWIA  GreenYes (GRRN) GreenYes (GRRN)  Organics Out of Landfills Organics Out of Landfills  ZW Businesses ZW Businesses  ZW Communities ZW Communities  ZW Partners ZW Partners  ZW Jobs ZW Jobs  CA Product Stewardship Council CA Product Stewardship Council

65. ZW Businesses Resources  ZW Business Principles  ZWIA ZWIA  GRRN GRRN  ZW Business Case Studies  GRRN GRRN  Earth Resource Foundation Earth Resource Foundation  ZW Business Listserv ZW Business Listserv  CA Product Stewardship Council CA Product Stewardship Council  CA Sustainable Business Council

66. ZW Events Resources  Green Initiatives for Venues and Events Green Initiatives for Venues and Events  CalRecycle Venues website CalRecycle Venues website  How to Plan ZW events How to Plan ZW events  Green Meetings Report Green Meetings Report  Case Studies  Del Mar Fairgrounds Del Mar Fairgrounds  Eco-Cycle Farmer’s Market ZW Zone Eco-Cycle Farmer’s Market ZW Zone  Berkeley Ecology Center ZW Zone Berkeley Ecology Center ZW Zone  San Francisco Special Events San Francisco Special Events

67. ZW Activists Resources  Global Alliance for Incinerator Alternatives (GAIA) Global Alliance for Incinerator Alternatives (GAIA)  ZW Sierra Club ZW Sierra Club  ZW Partners ZW Partners  Eco-Cycle Eco-Cycle  Institute for Local Self-Reliance Institute for Local Self-Reliance  CRRA CRRA  Los Angeles ZW Challenge Los Angeles ZW Challenge  Austin ZW Challenge Austin ZW Challenge

68. ZW Communities Resources  Global Principles for ZW Communities Global Principles for ZW Communities  List of ZW Communities List of ZW Communities  CIWMB Strategic Plan CIWMB Strategic Plan  Urban Environmental Accords Urban Environmental Accords  CalRecycle Incentives, & Business Policies CalRecycle Incentives, & Business Policies  Climate Action and Sustainability Plans  ZW Community Plans  Oakland Oakland  San Jose San Jose  Burbank Burbank  Austin Austin  Telluride Telluride  County of Hawaii County of Hawaii  Central Vermont Central Vermont

69. Climate Change & ZW  Recyclers Global Warming Council Recyclers Global Warming Council  Zero Waste for Global Cooling Coalition  Organics Out of Landfills Yahoo Group Organics Out of Landfills Yahoo Group  Stop Trashing the Climate Stop Trashing the Climate  Zero Waste for Zero Warming Zero Waste for Zero Warming  EPA Climate Change and Waste EPA Climate Change and Waste  WARM Model WARM Model

70. If you’re not for Zero Waste, how much waste are you for?