1. POWER SYSTEMS ENGINEERING Mike He, Nic Beutler, Sascha von Meier, Seth Sanders

2. Questions  What are the technical advances that will be needed to enable this new world  Scale up or scale down - microgrids or utility- driven?

3. Priorities of the Future Grid 1. Cheaper energy 2. More reliable energy (power quality) 3. Greener energy The smart grid challenge is how to reconcile these oft- competing priorities

4. The Precarious State of the Grid  It is hard to know how close we are to wide-area failure  Recent outages were unforeseen  “Works in practice but not theory”  Security  Wide-area stability with renewables is unknown

5. Key Technologies  Monitoring – visible, transparent understanding  PMUs  Oscillations and damping at nodes  Stability support from switched generation  Communication and coordination  Coordinate local decisions with global optimization  Two-way power flow enablers  Protection  Control

6. Technologies cont’d  Micro-synchrophasors (distribution level)  Transformative and disruptive  Greatly improve transparency and visibility  Allows for fast solving of Optimal Power Flow  Enabler for switched generation to provide stability

7. Electric Grid as a Commons  Competitive paradigm does not match physical reality  Distributed generation – does it weaken the commons?  DG owners optimize for profit, not system stability  How can DG be drafted to support the commons  Aggregator?

8. The Development of DG  2.5% of CA generation  IEA estimates 25% of new capacity will be DG through 2030  13 GW of new DG in 2009  80% small (avg 100kW)

9. Global dichotomy  Developed regions will remain mostly centralized  DG will begin to play significant role  CA: 12 GW of DG by 2020  Developing regions may develop significant DG  Leapfrogging developed regions

10. Questions?

11. Modern Electricity Grid  Centrally Controlled  Large-scale Central Generation  One-way Power Flow  Homogeneous Power Quality, Reliability