1. What is a database? Databases are designed to offer an organized mechanism for storing, managing and retrieving information.

2. DB tables consist of columns and rows. Each column contains a different type of attribute. Each row corresponds to a single record.

3. For example, we were building a database table that contained names and telephone numbers. We’d set up columns named “FirstName”, “LastName” and “TelephoneNumber.” Then we’d start adding rows underneath those columns that contained the data we’re planning to store.

4. Why not spreadsheet? Databases are actually much more powerful than spreadsheets in the way you’re able to manipulate data.

5. Why not spreadsheet? Retrieve all records that match certain criteria Update records in bulk Cross-reference records in different tables Perform complex aggregate calculations

6. Which DB to use? Oracle, SQL Server, Microsoft Access, MySQL, DB2, Paradox. There are quite a variety of database products in the market today.

7. Considerations: Who will be using the database and what tasks will they perform? How often will the data be modified? Who will make these modifications? Who will be providing IT support for the database?

8. Considerations: What hardware is available? Is there a budget for purchasing additional hardware? Who will be responsible for maintaining the data? Will data access be offered over the Internet? If so, what level of access should be supported?

9. Categories: 1.Desktop databases 2.Server databases

10. Desktop databases: oriented toward single- user applications reside on standard personal computers simple solution to many less complex data storage and manipulation requirements

11. Desktop databases: Microsoft Access, FoxPro, FileMaker Pro, Paradox and Lotus Approach

12. Benefits: 1.Inexpensive 2.User-friendly 3.Offer web-solutions

13. Inexpensive Are available for much less compared to server-based ones In fact, if you own a copy of Microsoft Office, you’re already a licensed owner of Microsoft Access.

14. User-friendly A thorough understanding of SQL is not required when using these systems. Usually offer an easy-to- navigate graphical user interface.

15. Offer web solutions Many modern desktop databases provide web functionality enabling you to publish your data on the web in a static or dynamic fashion.

16. Server databases offer organizations the ability to manage large amounts of data efficiently and in a manner that enables many users to access and update the data simultaneously.

17. Server databases Microsoft SQL Server, Oracle and IBM DB2

18. Benefits: 1.Flexibility 2.Powerful performance 3.Scalability

19. Flexibility Can handle just about any data management problem you can throw at them. They have programmer- friendly application programmer interfaces (or APIs) that provide for the rapid development of database oriented custom applications.

20. Flexibility The Oracle platform is even available for multiple operating systems, providing Linux users with a level playing field when paired off against the Microsoft folks.

21. Powerful performance Able to efficiently utilize just about any reasonable hardware platform that you’re able to construct for them. Modern databases can manage multiple high-speed processors, clustered servers, high bandwidth connectivity and fault tolerant storage technology.

22. Scalability This attribute goes hand-in- hand with the previous one. If you’re willing to provide the necessary hardware resources, server databases are able to gracefully handle a rapidly expanding amount of users and/or data.