1. 1. How does fossil evidence support Wegener’s hypothesis of continental drift? What are fossils? What does the word evidence mean? What is a hypothesis? A.Similar fossils found on far apart landmasses suggest that the continents were once a single landmass.

2. How does water chemically break down rock? What does chemically mean? AAcids in the water reacts with the chemicals in the rocks.

3. A chain of volcanoes is located near the western coast of a continent. There is a plate boundary nearby. Which of the following choices describes how the volcanoes probably formed? a. two continental plates slid by each other b. a continental plate and an oceanic plate collided c. two oceanic plates collided d. two oceanic plates pulled apart After you pick your answer, explain why the other answers were wrong.

4. Which of the following characteristics does NOT help identify a mineral? A. lusterC. size B. streakD. hardness Define characteristics. What is a mineral?

5. Which tools should be used to find the density of a quartz crystal? a. Graduated cylinder and beaker b. Triple-beam balance and stopwatch c. Spring scale and ruler d. Graduated cylinder and triple-beam balance. What is density? The amount of mass per unit volume. m/v=d

6. The component of soil that is made up of organic material is called____________. a. abrasion b. humus c. bedrock d. leaching What is organic material?

7. A scientist finds a vase that she believes is 2,000 years old. She compares its features to those of similar vases in a museum. She is a.asking a question. b.forming a hypothesis. c.testing a hypothesis. d.drawing conclusions.

8. Why must a scientist always be sure of when testing a hypothesis? a. that observations meet expectations b. that records of observations are accurate c. that observations are supported by opinions d. That observations prove that a hypothesis is true

9. Which of the Earth’s layers is the least dense? a. the crust b. the mantle c. the outer core d. the inner core The outer core is a liquid. Liquids are less dense because the molecules are not tightly packed together. They move more freely.

10. What is the difference between salinity and desalination ? Salinity is the amount of dissolved salt in water and desalination is the removal of salt from the water.

11. 1. Which of the following statements is true about the Pacific Ocean? a. It is getting largerc. it never changes b. It is getting smaller.d. it is the smallest ocean..2. The measure of the amount of dissolved salts in a given amount of liquid is called a. desalinizationc. salinity b. the water cycled. evaporation 3. The ocean’s surface temperatures vary with time of year and a. latitudec. seasons b. longitude d. moon phases

12. How fast does sound travel in water? (use textbook pag3 382) Answer: 1500 m/s Sound travels faster through a solid and slower through a gas.

13. What is the difference between point-source and nonpoint-source pollution? Point-source is from only one source. You can identify the exact source. Nonpoint source is from many sources. It is hard to tell who is doing the polluting.

14. 1. Which of the following resources is a renewable resource? A. coal B. trees C. petroleum D. iron ore 2. Which of the following statements about oil and natural gas reserves is NOT true? A. Scientists find reserves by using seismic equipment. B. Reserves are generally found under layers of impermeable rock C. Oil and natural gas are renewable resources. D. Extracting reserves usually requires drilling through rock.

15. Deep currents from when______. a. cold air decreases water density b. warm air increases water density c. salinity decreases d. salinity increases

16. Earthquakes are geologic events that happen along faults. In what type of fault does the hanging wall move up relative to the footwall? a. Strike-slip fault b. Transform fault c. Normal fault d. Reverse fault

17. Define the terms: Atmosphere Air pressure

18. Unlike Earth, the planet Mars cannot support life. To give the planet Mars the ability to support life, people would have to find a way to change the planet’s ___________________________. A. atmosphere B. size C. surface D. temperature

19. 1. Why does air pressure decrease as altitude increases? as altitude increases it becomes less dense (less gas molecules) 2. What determines the temperature of atmospheric layers? it depends on the way different gases absorbs the solar energy