1. Sensation Taste, Smell and Touch

2. Objectives Discuss the role of the kinesthetic and vestibular senses in body position, balance, and equilibrium. Discuss the role played by the skin in the sensation of touch, including the types and distribution of sensory receptors in the skin. Explain how taste sensations are produced and identify the basic taste categories. Define pheromones, and discuss the research evidence supporting the notion that human pheromones exist. Describe the process of olfaction, including the transmission of olfactory information to the brain.

3. Sensation The process of detecting a physical stimulus, such as light, sound, heat, pressure, etc,…

4. Sensory Receoptors Cells that specialize in each individual sense and respond to a specific type of stimulus.

5. Transduction The process by which a form of physical energy is converted into a coded neural signal that can be processed by the nervous system.

6. Sensory Threshold Our abilities to detect energy from the outside world is not infinite The point at which a stimulus is strong enough to be detected.

7. Absolute Threshold The smallest possible strength of a stimulus that can be detected half the time.

8. Gustation Taste is a chemical sense. The little bumps on our tongues are actually called papillae Inside some of these papillae are clumps of taste cells. These clumps of cells are actually the taste buds.

9. Taste On average, adults have about 7,500 taste buds. These receptor cells are located in the tongue and in the mouth. When food dissolves on these receptors, TRANSDUCTION occurs Damaged taste receptor cells are replaced within a few days to 2 weeks

10. Taste Substances dissolved by saliva activating the taste buds (cheeks, roof of mouth, throat, tongue)

11. Taste Sensations –sweet –sour –salty –bitter

13. Supertasters People with an abundance of taste receptors Approximately 25% of the population

14. Nontasters People with a minimum of taste receptors Taste with less intensity than the rest of the population Approximately 25% of the population

15. Other Senses: Smell Module 9: Sensation

16. Other Senses:

17. Olfaction Olfactory cells in the upper nasal passages detect molecules in the air. Taste and smell interact to produce flavor.

18. Olfaction Smell is a chemical sense. Olfactory receptors/cells in the upper nasal passages detect molecules in the air. Taste and smell interact to produce flavor.

19. Olfactory Cells The chemical receptor cells for smell Located in the nasal passages

21. Smell

23. Do Pheromones Influence Human Behavior? Please read the article on page 100 in your textbook and record your answer. Remember to explain your reasoning.

24. Other Senses: Touch

25. Touch Touch receptors are on the skin Four basic skin senses are –Pain, warmth, cold, and pressure All skin sensations are a combination of these four basic senses

27. Sensitivity to Pain Most Sensitive Back of knees Neck region Bend of elbow Least Sensitive Tip of the Nose Sole of foot Ball of thumb

28. Pain messages travel on one set of nerve fibers containing pain gates. The gates are open when pain is felt. Other sensory messages go through another set of fibers. The non-pain fibers can close the pain gates to stop the sense of pain.

29. Gate-control Theory of Pain Pain is a product of both physiological and psychological factors. The gates are open when pain is felt.

30. The last sense…. Maybe…….

31. Kinesthetic Sense The technical name for the sense of location and position of body parts in relation to one another. One’s leg “falling asleep” is a disruption of the kinesthetic sense

32. Proprioceptors Sensory receptors, located in the muscles and joints, that provide information about body position and movement.

33. Vestibular Sense DEFINITION: The technical name given to the sense of balance or equilibrium.

34. Sources of Sensory Information Semicircular canals Vestibular sacs

36. How Does It Work? Both structures are filled with fluid and are lined with tiny hairlike receptors. These structures shift in response to motion or changes in gravity.

38. I Need Three Volunteers Who thinks they have a decent vestibular sense? Three Volunteers Please…

39. Do That.

40. Let’s Review Name the senses How many do you have? Think again…

42. The Senses 1.Vision 2.Hearing 3.Tasting 4.Touching 5.Smelling 6.Kinesthetic 7.Vestibular

43. Reviewing Our Objectives Winner gets three The other person gets two

44. Reviewing Our Objectives Turn to your neighbor and describe all objectives. Use as many vocabulary terms as possible.

45. Discuss the role of the kinesthetic and vestibular senses in body position and balance. Discuss the role played by the skin in the sensation of touch. Explain how taste sensations are produced and identify the basic taste categories. Define pheromones, and discuss the research evidence supporting their existence. Describe the process of olfaction, including the transmission of olfactory information to the brain.

46. The End