1. Nov 19, 2006 1FKSTA: Cape Town ICT: Education – Technology - Development Uday B. Desai Dept. of Electrical Engineering IIT-Bombay, Powai Mumbai, India ubdesai@ee.iitb.ac.in www.ee.iitb.ac.in/~ubdesai Frontiers of Knowledge in Science and Technology for Africa. University Leaders’ Forum. Cape Town

2. Nov 19, 2006 2FKSTA: Cape Town Indian GDP GDP for India: $650 billion (4 th based on PPP, 128 th otherwise) GDP for India: $650 billion (4 th based on PPP, 128 th otherwise) Rural GDP: $150 billion (25%) Rural GDP: $150 billion (25%) ICT GDP: ~ $25 billion ICT GDP: ~ $25 billion ICT expected to contribute 4.5 to 4.8 % of GDP in the fiscal year 2006-2007 ICT expected to contribute 4.5 to 4.8 % of GDP in the fiscal year 2006-2007 Indian GDP has shown a growth rate of nearly 8% for the past 5 years and growth rate is expected to continue for the next 5 to 10 years. Indian GDP has shown a growth rate of nearly 8% for the past 5 years and growth rate is expected to continue for the next 5 to 10 years. 56% 22% 56% of GDP from Service Sector

3. Nov 19, 2006 3FKSTA: Cape Town Birds Eye View: ICT Penetration in India and Africa India200320042005 PCs9.37 13 mil 17 mil PC penetration 0.89 % 1.2 % 1.54 % Internet Users 18.5 mil 35 mil 60 mil Internet Penetration 1.75 % 3.24 % 5.44 % Cell Phone Users 26 mil 47 mil 90 mil Cell Penetration 2.47 % 4.37 % 8.16 % Africa200320042005PCs 11.7 mil 13.5 mil 17.5 mil PC penetration 1.53 1.74 % 2.24 % Internet Users 15 mil 22.5 mil 32 mil Internet Penetration 1.82 % 2.62 % 3.7 % Cell Phone Users 52.5 mil 80.7 mil 135 mil Cell Penetration 6.25 % 9.35 % 15 % Population 1.19 billion Median Age 23.5 yrs Population 0.915 bil

4. Nov 19, 2006 4FKSTA: Cape Town ICT in India and Africa? Computer and Internet Penetration in India and Africa, almost comparable Computer and Internet Penetration in India and Africa, almost comparable Number of Internet users in India almost twice that in Africa Number of Internet users in India almost twice that in Africa Cellular penetration and users much higher in Africa Cellular penetration and users much higher in Africa Key Reasons for ICT flourishing in India Strong Emphasis on Education even during hard economic times English proficiency Liberalization of the economy in 1991 by Dr. Manmohan Singh, then Finance minister and present prime minister

5. Nov 19, 2006 5FKSTA: Cape Town Education … IITs

6. Nov 19, 2006 6FKSTA: Cape Town Sir Ardeshir Dalal (early 1950s, shortly after independence) Set up research laboratories Set up research laboratories Led to the establishment of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) Led to the establishment of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) Set up Indian Institutes of Technology Set up Indian Institutes of Technology Technology Mission Program: Technology Mission Program: Sir Dalal negotiated with the US government for training scientists and engineers under this program. Sir Dalal negotiated with the US government for training scientists and engineers under this program.  These proposals were implemented when India was going thru difficult economic times  Great testimony to the vision of India’s first Prime Minister, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru Three proposals (just about the blueprint for today’s (just about the blueprint for today’s Science and Technology Research) Science and Technology Research)   Mr. L. S. Chandrakant, a senior official of the Education Ministry framed the IIT Act which gave the IITs a unprecedented autonomy  Sir B.N. Sarkar Committee, planned the first IIT, took MIT as the model  Professor Norman Dahl (Mech. Engrg.) of MIT and his colleagues were the prime movers of IIT Kanpur; a model subsequently followed by all IITs

7. Nov 19, 2006 7FKSTA: Cape Town Besides 7 IITs Kanpur Kahragpur Rourkee There are 18 National Institutes of Technology (NIT) More recently, IIITs have been started (private and govt. initiatives) IISc Key Attributes Freedom Freedom Selection of best students Selection of best students 2% of those who appear for the 2% of those who appear for the entrance exa m get in entrance exa m get in Long term vision and investment Long term vision and investment It took IITs after nearly 40 years It took IITs after nearly 40 years to get global recognition to get global recognition Inculcate among them students the Inculcate among them students the spirit of excellence spirit of excellence Should not worry about students Should not worry about students going overseas. going overseas. What was referred to as Brain Drain is What was referred to as Brain Drain is now referred to as Brain Bank now referred to as Brain Bank

8. Nov 19, 2006 8FKSTA: Cape Town Early ICT Initiatives: Harness the Internet

9. Nov 19, 2006 9FKSTA: Cape Town ERNET backbone is a judicious mix of terrestrial and satellite-based wide area networks. Daily traffic over ERNET exceeds 20 Giga Bytes ERNET Educational Research Network, was initiated in 1986 by the, then Department of Electronics (DoE) (now Department fo Information Technology – DIT), with funding support from the Government of India and United Nations Development Program (UNDP) Today we have several private ISPs

10. Nov 19, 2006 10FKSTA: Cape Town Indian Council for Agriculture Research-Net Intranet and Internet for Agricultural Universities and Research institutions 171 institutions have been connected. Various Initiatives All India Council of Technical Education Connectivity to AICTE Recognized Colleges and Regional Centers 48 Institutes connected

11. Nov 19, 2006 11FKSTA: Cape Town Gyan Vahini (Knowledge Vehicle – Started Recently) Integrate Internet and Intranet tools and computer aided techniques into the Learning environment Integrate Internet and Intranet tools and computer aided techniques into the Learning environment Focus Focus Upgrade the IT infrastructure at all the higher learning institutions in the country. Connect them on intranet and internet to provide multiple education services within the institution. Upgrade the IT infrastructure at all the higher learning institutions in the country. Connect them on intranet and internet to provide multiple education services within the institution. Pilot project at Delhi University Pilot project at Delhi University EDUSAT The first Indian satellite exclusively for serving the educational sector Provide interactive satellite based distance education system for the country Operational in 2006 First phase of Edusat State Network to be launched in 9 states Jammu and Kashmir, Kerala, Rajasthan, Haryana, Punjab, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal and Uttaranchal

12. Nov 19, 2006 12FKSTA: Cape Town Today … Internet is ubiquitous on all educational campuses Internet is ubiquitous on all educational campuses VSAT based distance education is picking up strongly VSAT based distance education is picking up strongly Plans for Internet based HDTV quality video for tow way interactive distance education. Plans for Internet based HDTV quality video for tow way interactive distance education. For Example: IIT-Bombay has 14 universities/colleges on VSAT based Distance Education Networks Amrita Univ. has 42 universities/colleges on their VSAT Distanced Education Network

13. Nov 19, 2006 13FKSTA: Cape Town Industry Interaction

14. Nov 19, 2006 14FKSTA: Cape Town Knowledge (ICT) Industry India has embraced the knowledge industry Fundamental belief: In 21 st century, economic growth and wealth generation are driven by acquisition and use of knowledge Knowledge: research skills information assessment skills ability to innovate ability to implement capacity to continuously learn India’s educational base has been a great asset in this endeavor

15. Nov 19, 2006 15FKSTA: Cape Town Industry Interaction Once the economy was liberalized (1991), industry – academia interaction flourished Once the economy was liberalized (1991), industry – academia interaction flourished Industry started looking at IITs in all earnest after 1996-98 time frame: Industry started looking at IITs in all earnest after 1996-98 time frame: Almost 40 years after IITs establishment Almost 40 years after IITs establishment A long sustained vision is mandatory A long sustained vision is mandatory Industry sponsored projects increased Industry sponsored projects increased IPR sharing is still contentious IPR sharing is still contentious Big jump in industrial consultancy Big jump in industrial consultancy Both, IITs and Industry are anxious to partner and leverage each others expertise Both, IITs and Industry are anxious to partner and leverage each others expertise Today, for every Rupee that govt. gives, IITs and IISc generate about 0.3 to 0.4 Rupees thru industry interactions, endowments, and sponsored research Today, for every Rupee that govt. gives, IITs and IISc generate about 0.3 to 0.4 Rupees thru industry interactions, endowments, and sponsored research Bulk of industry partnership in ICT is with multinationals Microsoft Intel Analog Devices Texas Instruments Bell Labs Motorola Nokia Ericsson Qualcom Cisco, HP … And Startups Indian industry is coming forward, but slowly

16. Nov 19, 2006 16FKSTA: Cape Town Entrepreneurship another route

17. Nov 19, 2006 17FKSTA: Cape Town Entrepreneurship Technology Entrepreneurship began at educational institutions in mid to late 90s The drivers for technology entrepreneurship were Boom in the IT sector across the globe Translate Ideas to Wealth IIT alumni played a big role in this boom In silicon valley, a large number of startups were by IIT alumni Latent thirst among faculty and students to translate their innovations to products Strong belief in technology entrepreneurship as a driver for social change To encourage To encourage entrepreneurship entrepreneurship and foster and foster commercialization commercialization of innovations IITs of innovations IITs and IISc have and IISc have established established business incubators business incubators Business incubators Business incubators are seen as a link are seen as a link between mind and between mind and market market

18. Nov 19, 2006 18FKSTA: Cape Town Some Illustrative Business Incubators IIT-Madras (early starter) IIT-Madras (early starter) Business incubation led by Ashok Jhunjhunwala Business incubation led by Ashok Jhunjhunwala IISc IISc Society for Innovation and Development (SID) Society for Innovation and Development (SID) IIT-Delhi IIT-Delhi Foundation for Innovations and Technology Transfer (FITT) Foundation for Innovations and Technology Transfer (FITT) IIT-Bombay IIT-Bombay Society for Innovations and Entrepreneurship (SINE) Society for Innovations and Entrepreneurship (SINE) IIT-Kharagpur Science and Technology Entrepreneurs Park (STEP) IITK SIDBI Innovation & Incubation Centre ( SIIC) RBTI: Rural Technology Business Incubator (launched by IIT-Madras) Department of Science (DST) supports entrepreneurship and knowledge transfer through its STEP and Technology Business Incubation initiatives There are other private business incubators in India

19. Nov 19, 2006 19FKSTA: Cape Town Cluster Approach for Industry-Academia Interaction I am just coming from Mobile Multimedia Workshop in France I am just coming from Mobile Multimedia Workshop in France Interesting concept for Industry-Academia interaction Interesting concept for Industry-Academia interaction Cluster of Cluster of Big enterprises Big enterprises SME (small and medium enterprises) SME (small and medium enterprises) Academia Academia Number of partners could be 10 to 20 Number of partners could be 10 to 20 Clusters in a confined geographical region Clusters in a confined geographical region I am going to propose to explore this approach in India I am going to propose to explore this approach in India

20. Nov 19, 2006 20FKSTA: Cape Town ICT for Development

21. Nov 19, 2006 21FKSTA: Cape Town Extensive Fiber Deployed in India Serves Bldg 4,5,6 500 mtsFiber drop Road Housing Complex A Serves Bldg 1,2,3 Fiber drop 1 3 5 6 4 2 Housing Complex B 25 ~ 30 km 25 km URBAN Rural Fiber to curb is easily available in metros Even fiber to home is possible

22. Nov 19, 2006 22FKSTA: Cape Town Access Technologies in India LAN ISP Access Tech. (“Last Mile Prob”) Wired 10/100 Mbps WiFi 802.11b (Hot Spot) Tata Satyam Reliance … Dial-up (56.6 Kbps) DSL Cable Modem Fiber in the Loop Wireless (line of sight) Cell Phones corDECT 802.11b Based 802.16d,e Based WiMax

23. Nov 19, 2006 23FKSTA: Cape Town First Initiative for Rural Access: corDECT, developed by TeNeT Group at IIT-Madras Earlier version guaranteed 70 kbps Broadband CorDECT 2 Mbps Always on, supports telephony Commercially deployed in few thousand villages n-Logue; Chirag

24. Nov 19, 2006 24FKSTA: Cape Town Many success stories; all of them very encouraging Scalability and sustainability is still and concern

25. Nov 19, 2006 25FKSTA: Cape Town Drishtee dot. com Ltd. Drishtee dot. com Ltd. ITC eChoupal ITC eChoupal Kuppam i- community, Andhra Pradesh Kuppam i- community, Andhra Pradesh Akshaya- Kerala Govt's Hundred Percent ICT Literacy Project Akshaya- Kerala Govt's Hundred Percent ICT Literacy Project Information Village Research Project- by M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation Information Village Research Project- by M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation TARAhaat TARAhaat GRAMDOOT GRAMDOOT e-Governance projects e-Governance projects … Mission 2007 (major initiative) Connecting 100,000 villages A Large Number of Initiatives VSAT Connectivity PURA: Providing Urban Amenities to Rural Areas Project drive by President of India

26. Nov 19, 2006 26FKSTA: Cape Town Low-Cost Telemed: A3 Remote Patient Monitoring A3 RPM Server (GPRS/3G1x & WLAN enabled) Laptop Desktop BT/WiFi GPRS Interface PatientPatient BP ECG Gluco Oxy mt Cell Phone (SMS,GPRS,EDGE, CDMA) Smart Phone Doctor GPRS/EDGE/3G1x enabled Healthcare care van Will have ECG, Oxymt, and other sensors A3 Wall Set Communication Sever Scheduler Data Multiplexer Hotlink to doctor Protocol converter wireless communicator Patient Data Management Software Patient Data Repository Diagnostics Algorithms Data Mining Trend Detection Algorithm Statistical Data Analysis WML/HTML Server Hotlink to A3 Wall Set Hotlink to Doctor (SMS) Interface to other external health management systems Web cam WiFi /BT

27. Nov 19, 2006 FKSTA: Cape Town 27 Impacting Role for ICT in Rural Areas

28. Nov 19, 2006 28FKSTA: Cape Town Enables the process cash flow Enables the process cash flow Enables villages to be part of the national market Enables villages to be part of the national market Helps monetize more villages Helps monetize more villages Enables alternatives for fair loans Enables alternatives for fair loans Frees the villager from informal sources like chit funds, money lenders, bishi’s, etc.) Frees the villager from informal sources like chit funds, money lenders, bishi’s, etc.) Enables rural trade Enables rural trade ICT will be impacting to rural areas once it

29. Nov 19, 2006 29FKSTA: Cape Town Community Organization Financial Institutions ICT for Development TechnologyGovt./Policy Education Industry / Local Entrep. ICT as a Techno-Socio-Political System All components play a critical role Nevertheless, top three are more critical

30. Nov 19, 2006 30FKSTA: Cape Town Concluding Remarks To harness ICT in developing nations, price point is most crucial To harness ICT in developing nations, price point is most crucial In most of the African countries, annual cost of Internet access is higher than the average yearly income! In most of the African countries, annual cost of Internet access is higher than the average yearly income! Cost of Internet access can be lowered thru Cost of Internet access can be lowered thru competition, competition, deregulation, deregulation, foreign investments in Information and Communications Technology sector (ICT) foreign investments in Information and Communications Technology sector (ICT) and in some cases, government subsidies only in the initial phase. and in some cases, government subsidies only in the initial phase. Create Impulses. Create Impulses. Impulses pull up the base and raise the avg. level Impulses pull up the base and raise the avg. level India

31. Nov 19, 2006 31FKSTA: Cape Town “ It is not our abilities that will determine what we truly do … it is our choices” A minor variation on quote by Dumbledore from Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets Finally …