1. William Howard Taft 1908-1912 Handpicked successor to Teddy Roosevelt Installed new bathtub to fit his girth Kept the Republican party together Should be known as Trustbuster, not Teddy 16 th Amendment-Makes Income Tax legal

2. Taft Presidency Busts 90 Trusts in four years Promises to lower tariffs Payne Aldrich Tariff Act Lowers some tariffs but raises others Names Richard Ballinger as Secretary of Interior Ballinger opens up 1 million acres to timber and mining Progressives mad at Taft for these acts Taft not seen as Progressive enough Roosevelt decided to run again but is not chosen by Republicans Roosevelt sets up Bull Moose Party to run against Taft Hands the Presidency to Woodrow Wilson as a result

3. Election of 1912

4. Woodrow Wilson New Freedom 1912-1920 Reforms the Executive Branch giving it more power to act Seen as the first modern President, ruling an executive branch with lots of power Reduced corruption in government Limited the power of trusts Cleans up machine politics

5. Wilson’s New Freedom Three goals: Attack Trusts, Reduce Tariffs, Reorganize the Financial System “Freedom is more than being left alone.” How does this compare to Laissez-faire?

6. Two Key Antitrust laws Clayton Antitrust Act Strengthens the Sherman Act Corporations cannot buy stocks of other companies to set up monopolies Holds officers of Corp. liable for its actions. Unions no longer under the Sherman Act Makes them legal now. Federal Trade Act Sets up Federal Trade Commission 5 member watch dog group to oversee violations of trade. Corps. Now have to answer to the gov’t Commission could order cease and desist to businesses.

7. Federal Trade Commission

8. Underwood Tariff Reduced tariffs and increased competition for American business. Big business against it Wilson goes to American people directly through the press to ask them to write their congressmen to urge passage.

9. Financial Reforms 16 th Amendment Makes income tax legal Income was declared unconstitutional 3 times before. Need constitutional amendment to make it legal Federal Reserve Act Set up Federal Reserve System 12 districts Issue currency as needed in each region to regulate the economy

10. Federal Reserve System

11. Summarize the three Presidents Roosevelt Taft Wilson