1. The Progressive Presidents US History: Spiconardi

2. Theodore Roosevelt Despite being a conservative, Teddy used the power of the presidency to deal directly with social and economic problems Despite being a conservative, Teddy used the power of the presidency to deal directly with social and economic problems Presidency had any power not specifically denied in the Constitution Presidency had any power not specifically denied in the Constitution

3. Theodore Roosevelt: The Square Deal Consumer Protection Consumer Protection Upon reading Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle, TR orders investigations Upon reading Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle, TR orders investigations TR supports legislation to ensure purity of food & drugs TR supports legislation to ensure purity of food & drugs Pure Food and Drug Act (1906) Pure Food and Drug Act (1906) Meat Inspection Act (1906) Meat Inspection Act (1906)

4. Theodore Roosevelt: The Square Deal Regulating Business Regulating Business The “Trustbuster” The “Trustbuster” TR was not against trusts; he believed there were good ones and bad ones TR was not against trusts; he believed there were good ones and bad ones Uses Justice Department to prosecute Uses Justice Department to prosecute Railroad, meatpacking, and oil trusts Railroad, meatpacking, and oil trusts Encouraged companies that wanted to merge to work with the government Encouraged companies that wanted to merge to work with the government

7. Theodore Roosevelt: The Square Deal Labor Conditions Labor Conditions Investigated coal mines in Pennsylvania when company refused to go to arbitration with striking workers Investigated coal mines in Pennsylvania when company refused to go to arbitration with striking workers Threatened to re-open mines using federal troops Threatened to re-open mines using federal troops This forced management to go to arbitration This forced management to go to arbitration TR wants a square deal  fair for everyone: management, labor, consumers TR wants a square deal  fair for everyone: management, labor, consumers

8. Theodore Roosevelt: The Square Deal Conservation Conservation “We are prone to think of the resources of this country as inexhaustible; this is not so.” “We are prone to think of the resources of this country as inexhaustible; this is not so.” Protected nations environment and wilderness Protected nations environment and wilderness Purchased parkland, forests, monuments and wildlife refuges Purchased parkland, forests, monuments and wildlife refuges Triples the amount of public land Triples the amount of public land

10. William Howard Taft o Hand picked successor of TR (Teddy kept GW’s precedent of two-terms)

11. William Howard Taft: Reforms Reforms Reforms Contrary to popular belief, busts more trusts than TR Contrary to popular belief, busts more trusts than TR Supported eight-hour workday and mine safety legislation Supported eight-hour workday and mine safety legislation Sixteenth Amendment  federal income tax Sixteenth Amendment  federal income tax Seventeenth Amendment  direct election of senators Seventeenth Amendment  direct election of senators

12. William Howard Taft: Reforms

13. William Howard Taft: Problems Problems Problems Not a great politician like TR Not a great politician like TR Wanted to lower tariffs, while Congress raised them Wanted to lower tariffs, while Congress raised them Progressives felt he backed down on this by not vetoing a tariff raising bill Progressives felt he backed down on this by not vetoing a tariff raising bill Republican Party spilt over protecting American business, while combating trusts Republican Party spilt over protecting American business, while combating trusts

14. Election of 1912 Election of 1912 Election of 1912 TR upset that Taft allows business men to buy public land in Alaska TR upset that Taft allows business men to buy public land in Alaska Decides to run against Taft as a member of “Bull Moose Party” Decides to run against Taft as a member of “Bull Moose Party”

15. Election of 1912 Best showing of a third party candidate Best showing of a third party candidate

16. Woodrow Wilson Republicans split vote and democrat Woodrow Wilson wins presidency Republicans split vote and democrat Woodrow Wilson wins presidency

17. Woodrow Wilson: New Freedom New Freedom New Freedom Concentrated economic power threatened individual liberty Concentrated economic power threatened individual liberty Monopolies had to be broken up so the marketplace could truly be open Monopolies had to be broken up so the marketplace could truly be open “Without …interference of the government…there can be no fair play between individuals and such powerful institutions as the trust.” “Without …interference of the government…there can be no fair play between individuals and such powerful institutions as the trust.”

18. Woodrow Wilson: Financial Reforms Financial Reforms Financial Reforms Underwood Tariff Act Underwood Tariff Act lowers tariffs for the first times since the Civil War lowers tariffs for the first times since the Civil War provides for graduated income tax/progressive tax provides for graduated income tax/progressive tax Creates Federal Trade Commission to investigate businesses Creates Federal Trade Commission to investigate businesses Federal Reserve System Federal Reserve System National Banking System (12 banks) National Banking System (12 banks) Provided for fair interest rates Provided for fair interest rates Money no longer would depend on gold supply Money no longer would depend on gold supply Income levelTax rate up to $20,0001% $20,000 - $50,0002% $50,000 - $75,0003% $75,000 - $100,0004% $100,000 - $250,0005% $250,000 - $500,0006% over $500,0007%

19. Woodrow Wilson

20. Bye-Bye Progressives End of the Progressive Era End of the Progressive Era World War I causes US to focus on war effort and not social change World War I causes US to focus on war effort and not social change