1. Industrial Revolution

2. Industrial Revolution begins in Britain Agricultural Revolution Enclosures Crop Rotation Jehthro Tull’s Seed Drill Livestock Breeding All lead to a population growth

3. Industrial Revolution begins in Britain Great Britain’s advantages Large Population Natural Resources Water Power / Fuel Iron Ore Rivers Harbors Expanding Economy Banking system / loans for investment Political Stability

4. Britain’s Factors of Production Factor of Production DefinitionExample from textile industry

5. Inventions / Discoveries The Flying Shuttle

6. Inventions / Discoveries The Spinning Jenny

7. Inventions / Discoveries Water Frame

8. Inventions / Discoveries Spinning Mule

9. Inventions / Discoveries Power Loom

10. Inventions / Discoveries Rise of Factories

11. Inventions / Discoveries Cotton Gin

12. Inventions / Discoveries Steam Engine

13. Inventions / Discoveries Steamboat

14. Inventions / Discoveries Roads / Turnpikes

15. Inventions / Discoveries Rocket

16. Inventions / Discoveries Railroad Effects 1.Spurred further Industrial Growth 2.New Jobs created 3.Boosted agriculture and fishing industries 4.People able to take distant city jobs 5.People able to travel further distances

17. Inventions / Discoveries Thomas Edison

18. Inventions / Discoveries Alexander Graham Bell

19. Inventions / Discoveries Guglielmo Marconi

20. Inventions / Discoveries Henry Ford

21. Inventions / Discoveries Wright Brothers

22. Inventions / Discoveries Louis Pasteur

23. Inventions / Discoveries Joseph Lister

24. Inventions / Discoveries Charles Darwin

25. Inventions / Discoveries Gregor Mendel

26. Inventions / Discoveries Pierre an Marie Curie

27. Industrialization By1800s people could earn higher wages in factories than on farms 1800’s balance shifted from rural (farms) areas to urban (cities) 1800-1850 large cities more than doubled Period known as urbanization

28. Industrialization Factories developed in Clusters London was most important city

29. Industrial living conditions No development plans, sanitary codes or building codes Lacked adequate housing, education, and police protection Unpaved streets, no drains Dark, dirty shelters. Families living in 1 bedroom Sickness widespread (cholera) City life span 17 years Merchants/Factory owners lived in suburbs

30. Industrial Working Conditions Average work day 14 hours 6 days a week Dangers of not well lit, Machine injuries Coal Mines most dangerous Many Women/Children worked in Coal Mines

34. Class Tensions New Middle Class formed Upper Middle Class= government employees, doctors, lawyers, factory managers Lower middle class=skilled workers The Working Class Laborers Saw little improvement in their living and working conditions Luddites

35. Positive Effects of Industrialization New Jobs Added Wealth to Nation Technological Progress and invention Raised standard of living Hope of improvement Life of laborers eventually improved with labor unions Long-Term Effects?

36. Industrialization Spreads US follows England Begins with Textiles Railroads Use of Corporations (Rockefeller, Carnegie) Continental Europe Belgium leads the way By late 1800’s Germany becomes a military and industrial giant Not all European nations industrialized

37. Impact of Industrialization Widened the wealth gap between industrialized and nonindustrialized countries Exploitation of overseas colonies Gave Europe tremendous economic power Hardships of early urban workers Eventual rise of population, health and wealth Development of a middle class

38. Philosophers of Industrialization Adam Smith Laissez-Faire Economics Law of Self-Interest Law of Supply and Demand Laid Foundation for Capitalism- Factors of Production are privately owned and money is invested business ventures to make profit Supported by works of Thomas Malthus and David Ricardo

40. Rise of Socialism Utilitarianism- Jeremy Bentham, John Stuart Mill Utopia- Robert Owen Socialism- Charles Fourier Factors of Production owned by government Government ownership would end poverty and promote equality

42. Marxism: Radical Socialism Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels write The Communist Manifesto Society divided into haves (bourgeoisie) or have-nots (proletariat) Predicted eventual overthrow of bourgeoisie Classless society would develop (Communism) Elimination of Private Property

44. Labor Unions and Reforms Union spoke for all workers and engaged in collective bargaining If factory owners refused demands, union members could strike, or refuse to work Reform Laws Factory reform act of 1833 (child labor) Hours Act of 1847

45. Revolutions in the Arts Romanticism Reaction against Enlightenment and Classicism Key ideas of Romanticism Emphasize inner feelings, emotions, imagination Focused on mysterious Cherished folk traditions Promoted radical change and democracy

47. Revolutions in the Arts Romanticism Romantic Literature William Wordsworth Lord Byron Victor Hugo Marry Shelley “Frankenstein” Music Ludwig Van Beethoven Robert Schuman Frederick Chopin

48. Revolutions in the Arts Realism Tried to show life as it really was Photography Literature Emile zola Charles Dickens

50. Revolutions in the Arts Impressionism Reaction against realism Use of pure shimmering colors Famous Painters Calude Monet Edgar Degas Pierre-Auguste Renoir