1. All Roads Lead to Rome

2. 50,000 miles from Britannia to Tigris-Euphrates

3. The Geography of Rome

4. Italy in 750 BCE

5. Protected from Sea invasions (Geography)
Strengths of Rome
Protected from Sea invasions (Geography)
Located in the on a place on the Tiber River that was a crossing for all therefore it was located in the middle of trade routes.
The Republic allowed for both flexibility and stability
It allowed for input from all of the classes and it changed with election instead of overthrowing the government (Laws later become government)
Every adult male citizen was obligated to serve in the army. Discipline was strict.
High morals acquired from the legions permeated throughout the Republic (Legions)
After conquering a people the Romans shared citizenship and thus political power with those conquered. (Just application of the Laws and Language)
The ideals of the legion were passed on through the family and the father known as the paterfamilias and their control of the agricultural economy on their small farms.
These farmers were also known as citizen-farmers.

6. Influence of the Etruscans
Writing
Religion

7. The Mythical Founding of Rome Romulus & Remus

8. The Roman
Republic:
509 BCE - 27 BCE

9. Republic Established 509 BCE
Rape of Lucretia
Etruscan Tarqin monarchs overthrown
Assembly of Tribes (35)
31 Rural Tribes
4 Urban Tribes

10. Republican Government
2 Consuls
(Rulers of Rome)
Senate
(Representative body for patricians)
Tribal Assembly
(Representative body for plebeians)

11. Compared to US

12. Struggle of the Orders Patricians Plebeians
Attempts to balance their power allows for the creation of the
patrician class attempting to hold onto power
plebeians trying to achieve social and political equality
patricians found could not to exist without the plebeians
plebeians produce the food and supply the labor that kept the Roman economy going
supplied the soldiers for the Roman military.
If the plebeians could act as a group, they could effectively shut down the Roman economy and military
the latter was especially important since Rome was in continual military conflict during the age of the Republic.

13. Providing political and social rights for the plebeians.
The Twelve Tables, 450 BCE
Providing political and social rights for the plebeians.

14. The Roman Forum

15. Rome’s Early Road System

16. The Apian Way

17. Roman Aqueducts

18. Circus Maximus

19. Carthaginian Empire

20. Hannibal’s Route

21. Reform Leaders Military Reformer
Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus - the poor should be given grain and small plots of free land.
Military Reformer
Gaius Marius - recruited an army from the poor and homeless. - professional standing army.

22. Civil War & Dictators
Julius Caesar
Pompey

23. Crossing the Rubicon, 49 BCE
The Die is Cast!

24. The First Triumvirate Julius Caesar Becomes “First Counsul”
Never emperor
Seizes power
Defeats Crassus and Pomey
Marcus Licinius Crassus
Gaius Magnus Pompey

25. Beware the Ides of March! 44 BCE

26. The Second Triumvirate
Octavian Augustus
First Emperor of Rome
Establishes the Roman Imperial period
Marc Antony
Battle of Actium
Marcus Lepidus

27. The
Roman Empire:
27 BCE CE

28. Octavian Augustus: Rome’s First Emperor

29. The First Roman Dynasty

30. Pax Romana: 27 BC – 180 AD

31. The Roman Coliseum

32. The Coliseum Interior

33. The Greatest Extent of the Roman Empire – 14 AD

34. The Rise of Christianity

35. St. Paul: Apostle to the Gentiles

36. The Spread of Christianity

37. Imperial Roman Road System

38. The Empire in Crisis: 3c

39. Diocletian Splits the Empire in Two: 294 AD

40. Constantine:

41. Constantinople: The 2nd Rome Founded in 330

42. Barbarian Invasions: 4c-5c

43. Attila the Hun: “The Scourge of God”

44. Byzantium: Eastern Roman Fall of Rome in the West - 1453
Hagia Sophia ca

45. The Byzantine Empire During the Reign of Justinian

46. Byzantine Emperor Justinian

47. The Legacy of Rome Republic Government Roman Law Latin Language
Roman Legions
Roman Catholic Church
City Planning
Romanesque Architectural Style
Roman Engineering
Aqueducts
Keystone block in the arch
sewage systems
Dams
cement

48. Trades routes correlate with growth of cities