1. Latin AMERICAN REVOLUTIONS

2. Revolution in haiti You should remember this from Napoleon…
First Latin American territory to free itself from European rule
Toussaint L’Overture – leader of the revolution
1804 – declared independence
After L’Overture’s death –
Haiti crumbled into despotism

3. The divisions in Spanish colonial society in 1789
Do you remember the Spanish colonial system we talked about when we learned about the Atlantic World???

4. Latin america sweeps to freedom
Latin America sharply divided into classes based on birth.
Peninsulares and Creoles dominated and controlled wealth and power
Viceroys – colonial officers
Creoles = least oppressed BUT they could not hold high office. Many were educated in Europe THEREFORE they brought back Enlightenment ideas WHICH brought on a revolution in Latin America

5. How Spain will affect spanish america
The last straw was Napoleon’s invasion of Spain.
When he deposed the Spanish king, the Creoles felt no loyalty to a French king.
Creoles argued the power now shifted to the people.
Even after Napoleon was defeated and the Spanish king was brought back, it was too late…

6. Processing
According to the social hierarchy, who held the most power in Spanish America?
What factors caused the revolutions in Spanish America? (Give me two!)

7. Spanish america Simón Bolivar – wealthy Venezuelan creole
Believes in equality for all
Helped declare independence from Spain
Decisive victory in Colombia
1830 – Venezuela, Colombia, Panama, Bolivia, Ecuador win independence

9. Hidalgo calls for an end to spanish rule
So far we have seen how creoles led revolutions.
In Mexico, the Native Americans and mestizos play a role…
Miguel Hidalgo – priest who calls for Mexico’s independence movement
Firmly believed in Enlightenment ideas
His uprising will be defeated in 1811
Creoles did not support mestizo uprising

10. Mexico’s independence
After a liberal group was put in power, the creoles feared a loss of privileges
Creoles decide to revolt!
Mexico claims independence
Before the Mexican revolution, Central America had been governed from Mexico  After Mexico’s independence several Central American states declared their independence from Spain (and Mexico).

11. brazil
Most unique independence movement in Latin America because there was no violent uprisings
After Napoleon invaded Portugal, the royal family fled to Brazil.
1822 – Creoles demand independence from Portugal
Dom Pedro signs a petition officially freeing Brazil
Won its independence through a bloodless revolution

12. Latin america
Latin America, 1800
Latin America, 1830

13. Effects of latin american revolutions
Independence brought an increase in poverty
Disrupted trade
Devastated cities
Geography – prevents a united Latin America
Government
Colonial gov’ts same as home country gov’t = Latin Americans had no experience w/self gov’t, unfamiliar with democratic principles/practices

14. Effects of latin american revolutions
Social Order
Rigid social/economic/political order gave too much power to Creoles, not enough to the mestizos
Catholic Church
Strong influence prevented true separation of church and state
Economy not diverse – based mainly on mining of gold and silver

15. Monroe doctrine
• The Monroe Doctrine was issued by President James Monroe (U.S.) in • Latin American nations were acknowledged to be independent. • The United States would regard as a threat to its own peace and safety any attempt by European powers to impose their system on any independent state in the Western Hemisphere.