1. ECE1352F University of Toronto 1 60 GHz Radio Circuit Blocks 60 GHz Radio Circuit Blocks Analog Integrated Circuit Design ECE1352F Theodoros Chalvatzis November 28, 2003

2. ECE1352F University of Toronto 2 What is 60 GHz Radio? Operates at mm-wave frequencies ~50-70 GHz. Operates at mm-wave frequencies ~50-70 GHz. Band is unlicensed in US (sub-bands allocated in Japan, Europe) [1]. Band is unlicensed in US (sub-bands allocated in Japan, Europe) [1]. Very high Bit Rates possible (> 1Gbps). Very high Bit Rates possible (> 1Gbps). Link between fiber optical Ethernet and wireless radio. Link between fiber optical Ethernet and wireless radio.

3. ECE1352F University of Toronto 3 Why Use 60GHz Radio? 19 GHz of unlicensed spectrum. 19 GHz of unlicensed spectrum. Less constraints on transmit power levels compared to other Ultra Wideband systems. Less constraints on transmit power levels compared to other Ultra Wideband systems. Attractive because conventional circuit design techniques can be used (e.g. Heterodyne). Attractive because conventional circuit design techniques can be used (e.g. Heterodyne). Other Ultra Wideband Radio solutions require novel design (UWB implemented at 3-10 GHz uses direct transmission of data). Other Ultra Wideband Radio solutions require novel design (UWB implemented at 3-10 GHz uses direct transmission of data). Can offer very high bit rates for connecting fiber optical and wireless Gigabit Ethernet. Can offer very high bit rates for connecting fiber optical and wireless Gigabit Ethernet.

4. ECE1352F University of Toronto 4 System Block Diagram LO 90 o LO 90 o BPF LNA Mixer PA Antenna Rx/Tx Duplexer ADC DAC

5. ECE1352F University of Toronto 5 Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) Implemented in PHEMT process technology, other solutions possible [1]. Implemented in PHEMT process technology, other solutions possible [1]. Cascaded architecture of common source stages with source degeneration. Cascaded architecture of common source stages with source degeneration. Input and output matching networks critical on the performance of the amplifier. Input and output matching networks critical on the performance of the amplifier. Typical performance of a 60GHz [2-4] LNA: Typical performance of a 60GHz [2-4] LNA: G > 15 dB and NF 15 dB and NF < 5 dB

6. ECE1352F University of Toronto 6 Mixer/Downconverter Early designs used a single FET. Early designs used a single FET. RF and LO signals applied to gate and source. RF and LO signals applied to gate and source. IF signal taken from drain. IF signal taken from drain. Modern designs employ a transistor pair [2], [4], [5]. Modern designs employ a transistor pair [2], [4], [5]. Each transistor is connected as a diode. Each transistor is connected as a diode. Diode switching achieves mixing. Diode switching achieves mixing. Typical performance of mixers [2], [4-7] at 60 GHz: Conversion Loss < 15 dB, BW < 19 GHz Typical performance of mixers [2], [4-7] at 60 GHz: Conversion Loss < 15 dB, BW < 19 GHz

7. ECE1352F University of Toronto 7 Oscillator Oscillation frequency varies depending on f IF. Oscillation frequency varies depending on f IF. Most designs use frequency multiplication to achieve 60 GHz range frequencies. Most designs use frequency multiplication to achieve 60 GHz range frequencies. VCO's followed by doublers [3], [8], triplers or quadruplers [2], [5]. VCO's followed by doublers [3], [8], triplers or quadruplers [2], [5]. A circuit using doubler [3] has: P out = 20 dBm at f osc = 30 GHz and Phase Noise < -102 dBc/Hz @ 1 MHz offset A circuit using doubler [3] has: P out = 20 dBm at f osc = 30 GHz and Phase Noise < -102 dBc/Hz @ 1 MHz offset

8. ECE1352F University of Toronto 8 Power Amplifier (PA) Multiple stage topologies used. Multiple stage topologies used. Three or more stages for adequate gain [2], [5]. Three or more stages for adequate gain [2], [5]. Combiners/Dividers necessary due to high output power levels. Combiners/Dividers necessary due to high output power levels. A three stage PA [2] achieves: P out > 14 dBm over BW = 55 to 64 GHz A three stage PA [2] achieves: P out > 14 dBm over BW = 55 to 64 GHz

9. ECE1352F University of Toronto 9 Comparison of current systems

10. ECE1352F University of Toronto 10 References [1]R. Brodersen: CMOS for Ultra Wideband and 60 GHz Communications. Presented at Oakland-East Bay IEEE ComSoc Meeting, September 2003. [Online]. Available: http://www.comsoc.org/oeb/Past_Meetings.htm [2] Y. Mimino, et al., “A 60 GHz Millimiter-wave MMIC Chipset for Broadband Wireless Access System Front-End”, IEEE MTT-S Digest, 2002. [3] K. Nishikawa, et al., “Compact LNA and VCO 3-D MMICs Using Commercial GaAs PHEMT technology for V-band Sinbgle-Chip TRX MMIC”, IEEE MMT-S Digest, 2002. [4]C. Zelley, et al., “A 60 GHz Integrated Sub-harmonic receiver MMIC”, IEEE GaAs Digest, 2000. [5] K. Fujii, et al., “A 60 GHz MMIC Chipset for 1-Gbit/s Wireless Links”, IEEE MTT-S Digest, 2002.

11. ECE1352F University of Toronto 11 References (cont.) [6] J. Kim, et al., “High-Performance V-Band Cascode HEMT Mixer and Downconverter Module”, IEEE Trans. On MTT, Vol. 51, No. 3, March 2003. [7] M. Chapman, et al., “A 60-GHz Uniplanar MMIC 4x Subharmonic Mixer”, IEEE Trans. On MTT, Vol. 50, No. 11, November 2002. [8]P. Kangaslahti, et al., “Low Phase Noise Signal Generation Circuits for 60 GHz Wireless Broadband System”, IEEE MTT-S Digest, 2000. [9]K. Ohata, et al., “1.25Gbps Wireless Gigabit Ethernet Link at 60 GHz- band”, IEEE RFIC Symposium, 2003.