1. Latin American Win Independence Chapter 8 Section 1
BY: Fauzieh Sadeghi

2. Social Classes in Spanish Colonial Societies

3. Quiz on Division of Colonial Society
1. In what ways are Creoles and Peninsular similar?
They were both with European decent
2. In what ways are they different?
Creoles were born in Latin America, and Peninsular were born on the (Spain)Iberian peninsula

4. Latin American Revolution Overview
Causes:
Leader:
Effects:
Problems in Spanish Empire
The American Revolution and The French Revolution
The Enlightenment
Simon Bolivar:
Jose de San Martin:
Toussaint L’Ouverture
Padre Miguel Hidalgo
Political Effects-(Independent!)
Economical Effects-(improvement, trade w/ many countries/profits)
Social Effects-(Creoles had more power)

5. Revolution and Independence in Haiti
First Latin American territory to become independent from its master(France)
500,000 enslaved Africans
Strong enslaved African leader emerged- Toussaint L’Ouverture
Under his leadership, French agreed to end slavery in this island
Toussant’s friend, Jean-Jacques Dessalines fought, and won Haiti’s Independence
L’Overture was sent to prison where he dies in a dungeon his brave life and tragic death earned his the “symbol of fight for liberty”

6. Extra Info on Haiti’s Independence
Haiti's revolution was brutal
L’Ouverture organized a group of peasant fighters to revolt against the Frenchguerrillas
However Dessalines and Henri Christophe, on this island, made peace with France, which lead the abolishment of slavery
Dessalines later became dictator of Haiti

8. Revolution in the Americas Quiz
1. Why do you think the French would grant freedom to African slaves?
Slaves fought bravely and outnumbered their masters, and Dessalines and Christophe made peace with the French and convinced them to grant their freedom.
2. What does Haiti mean in the language of the Arawak natives, and why do you think it called this?
It means “mountainous land,” and called so because it is a rugged land with many mountains

9. Creoles Lead Indepence
Napoleon overthrows Spanish King Ferdinand VII Creoles believes the power is now shifted to the people Rebellion breaks out in parts of Latin America…..closer to Independence Two brilliant Creole generals, Simon Bolivar and Jose de San Martin, achieve South American Independence

10. Bolivar’s Route to Victory
Native Venezuelan (the liberator)
Declared independence from Spain in 1811
Led 2,ooo soldiers to Bogota, Colombia won Venezuela’s independence in 1821
Continued going south to
Ecuador and met Jose de
San Martin

11. San Martin Leads Southern Liberation Forces
Native Argentinean
Spanish forces near Peru and Chile were still a threat to Argentina’s Independence
Martin and his army met Spanish forces led by Bernardo O’Higgins’ won Chile’s freedom
San Martin and Bolivar met in Guayaquil, Ecuador to discuss how to drive Spanish forces
out of Lima, Peru
Spanish were defeated in Battle of
Ayacucho(Peru) Peru’s freedom
Venezuela, Colombia, Panama,
and Ecuador formed Gran Colombia

12. Creoles Lead Independence Quiz
1. Name two important creoles leader, and their birth place?
Bolivar-Venezuela
San Martin- Argentina
2. True or False: After Bolivar won independence, he marched south to Colombia.
True
3. Venezuela, Colombia, Panama, and Ecuador forms what?
Gran Colombia
4. What battle was the Spanish defeated in?
Battle of Ayacucho

14. Mexico Ends Spanish Rule
In most Latin American countries, creoles led revolutionary movements
Mexicoethnic/racial groups mixed more freely
MexicoIndians and mestizos played the leading role

15. A Cry for Freedom
Padre Miguel Hidalgo- educated priest in the small village of Dolores
Believed in Enlightenment ideals
Called for rebellion against Spanish(grito de Dolores-cry of Dolores)
Went to Mexico City w/ his 80,000 men, and was defeated
Jose Maria Morelos led revolution
for 4 yrs
Agustin de Iturbide,
creoles officer, defeated
Morelos

16. Mexico’s Independence
Revolution in Spainpower
to liberals
Agustin de Iturbide called
for Independence in 1821
Central America declared
its absolute independence
from Mexico

17. Mexico Ends Spanish Rule Quiz
True/false 1. In Mexico, ethnic/racial groups are more freely mixed True 2. Grito de Dolores means a cry of Dolores 3. Hidalgo marched to Mexico with 5,ooo men False- 80,000 men 4. Mexico won Independence in 1421 False-1821

18. Brazil’s Royal Liberator
WON INDEPENDENCE WITHOUT ANY VIOLENCE
1807-Napoleon invaded Spain &Portugal
French troops approached Lisbon, Portuguese capital
Royal family escaped and went to Brazil
Portuguese ran empire from Brazil
After Napoleon’s defeat, royal family returned to Portugal
Dom Pedro, kings son stayed behind in Brazil
Dom Pedro’s father allowed him to be the King of Brazil, and finally agreed for Brazil to be independent from Portugal-1822

19. Brazil’s Royal Liberator Quiz
1. why was Brazil’s independence
a unique period of Latin
American history?
No Bloodshed!!!!
2. why did the royal
family escape to Brazil?
French troops were coming!
3. what was the effect of Dom
Pedro, the King’s son, staying
behind in Brazil?
Ruled Brazil independently

20. Central American Countries are also known as Banana Republic that includes; Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaraguaexperienced revolution as well

21. Modern Day Connection
September 18, the result of vote for Scotland independence from Britain was cast
people of Scotland spoke:
~44.7%YES
~55.3% NO
Even though they didn’t win Independence, the voting was very civilized, and there was no bloodshed
Two slogans:
~”Yes Scotland”
~”Better Together”
Some arguments:
Which currency an independent Scotland would use?
Concern about public expenditure
EU (European Union) membership
North sea oil $$$$$$$$!!!!!!(Britain loves Scotland’s North  )