1. Administrative Assign Design Projects Present Game Creation project

2. Homework Discussion Question: indicate examples in games where the question below are not properly answered and as a result there is a breakdown in meaningful play What happened before the player was given a choice? How is the possibility of a choice conveyed to the player? How did a player make a choice? What is the result of choice? How affects future choices? How are the results of choice conveyed?

3. Definition of Game and History of Games Dr. Héctor Muñoz-Avila Assigned readings: Chapters 7 (Rules of Play Book) Sources : Gamespot.com investor.about.com emuunlim.com designboom.com Wikipedia my own

4. Play and Game Game as a subset of play –Considering all activities that we can play –Tag is a game and it is also play –Swing can be seen as play but it is not a game Play as a subset of game –Play as one aspect (a crucial one) of a game Awareness on the distinction between play and game “juego un juego” “ich speile ein Spiel”

5. Some Definitions (Parlett) A formal game structure based on ends and means (Abt) an activity among two or more decision-makers seeking to achieve their objective –Example of a game not meeting this definition? (Avedo and Sutton-Smith) a voluntary control system, contest between powers, confined by rules, outcome Book has 8 definitions (read them!) with some common elements (see Table!): –following rules is the most common requirement –Having a goal is also common

6. Definition of Game Elements: A game is a system In which players engaged in an artificial conflict defined by rules That results in a quantifiable outcome Game design: process of creating a game from which meaningful play emerges when experienced by a player But problematic for other games: Examples of games fitting this definition: Chess Tekken MMORPG Games

7. History of Video Games By: Héctor Muñoz-Avila Sources : Gamespot.com investor.about.com emuunlim.com designboom.com Wikipedia my own

8. Introduction: A Long Journey Some ideas in the 1948 First video game:First video game –Tennis game in an Oscilloscope –Space game on DEC-1 Current videogames: –CrysisCrysis In between: –Space Invaders: http://www.spaceinvaders.de/http://www.spaceinvaders.de/

9. Chess Origins 6 AD: Believed to come from India Came to Western through Persia 1769 Fake chess machine 1952 Turing design a chess algorithm 1956 Maniac versus Human

10. Origins of Some Companies 1889 company create card game: 1932 COLECO (short for Connecticut Leather Company) 1947 Tokyo Telecommunications Engineering Company: 1954 David Rosen makes machines for GI’s in Japan Sony Nintendo (“leave luck to heaven”) (Service Games) SEGA

11. Other Origins 1951 Ralph Baer (@Loral) suggest adding game to TV –May be considered the inventor of video games – Only until 1967 he realized his dream of an “interactive television” 1952 A.S.Douglas (@Cambridge): Interactive Tic Tac Toe 1958 Willy Higinbotham (@Brookhaven National Laboratory): Oscilloscope

12. Other Origins (II) 1961 Steve Russell (@MIT) creates Spacewar! “ If I hadn't done it, someone would've done something equally exciting if not better in the next six months. I just happened to get there first.” - Steve Russell

13. Spacewar! Legacy 1971 Bill Pitts and Hugh Tuck formed Computer Recreations Galaxy Game Cost: $20K Play cost: 10 cent Built: dozens 1972 Noland Bushnell and Ted Dabney (@Nutting Associates) Galaxy Game Built: 1.5K 1972 PONG Built: 10K “Breaks down”

14. Early Game Consoles Pong (http://www.apn.gr/pong.html)http://www.apn.gr/pong.html 1972 Magnavox builds Odyssey

15. Early Stages: 1976-1977 COLECO builds TELSTAR Cartridges are born (Fairchild Camera & Instrument: Channel F) Atari bought by Warner Communications ($28M) –Atari releases first console (later known as Atari 2600)

16. Early Stages 1977-78 Nintendo releases Othello (http://www.mattelothello.com/)http://www.mattelothello.com/ Taito creates Space Invaders! –Midway bought license Apple and Atari release PCs –But Atari is seen as a gaming company

17. The Golden Age 1979-1981 Atari releases Asteroids! Frogger, Konami/Sega, 1981 Pac-Man, Bally/Midway, 1980 Donkey Kong, Nintendo, 1981 Namco releases Pac-Man, 1982 (+300K machines sold) –Own television show US Army commissions Atari for a tank simulation game –Start of a long enduring activity (Lehigh included!) Nintendo releases first console in 1981 Nothing to do? Check this out (some retro games): –http://www.tripletsandus.com/80s/80s_games/http://www.tripletsandus.com/80s/80s_games/

18. The Great Crash 1982-1984 The Commodore 64 PC is released Coleco releases the Adam PC Too many competitors small and large saturate the market –1982 Warner Corp. stock fell 32% after Atari announces less-than-expected sells of consoles –Atari sold to Jack Tramiel (owner of Commodore) –New company: Atari Corp. pulls from Console market Bright spot: Nintendo releases famicon, which does well in Japan

19. The Return of the Video Games 1985-1988 Nintendo releases NES –Met with skepticism by market observers –Turns out to be an instant hit –Legend of Zelda http://www.nintendoland.com/zelda/home.htm Apple releases the Mac, Atari releases 520ST –Who won? Tetris is released! –http://www.miniclip.com/tetris.htmhttp://www.miniclip.com/tetris.htm Coleco files for bankruptcy 1985 MS releases Windows PC as a gaming platform 2006: Games for Windows

20. The Story Continues 1989 Nintendo releases Gameboy, Sega releases Genesis 1991 Nintendo releases SNES, Sega releases Sonic 1993 32-bit consoles –Nintendo releases Mortal Combat! 1999-2001 Playstation 2, Gamecube, Xbox 2006: Nintendo releases wii (out sales PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360)

21. What’s Left? PC Games –We will cover these in coming classes but by Genre: FPSs RTSs RPGs (including MMOs)