1. BioMed Central OPEN ACCESS To anyone, anywhere, anytime BioMed Central

2. To be useful, scientific results need to be used, read, cited, shared, applied, extended, built-upon So are they? So are they? So are they? So are they? So are they? So are they? So are they? So are they? So are they? So are they? So are they? So are they? So are they? For that, they must be accessible

3. BioMed Central For everybody in-between? For the ‘Harvards’? For the ‘Have-nots’?

4. BioMed Central Integrated The literature: as it should be Available After Les Carr, Southampton University

5. BioMed Central The literature: as it is for the ‘Harvards’ After Les Carr, Southampton University

6. BioMed Central And for the ‘Have-nots’

7. BioMed Central How do we get From hereTo here For everyone

8. BioMed Central One can publish a journal by printing it and sending it through the mail, but since the Internet, this is not necessary anymore One can ‘seamlessly’ link references in online articles to other online articles that are freely available in full-text: every researcher’s dream Online journals can be distributed much faster and incomparably more widely than print journals, transforming science communication

9. BioMed Central So why should online journals be shoe-horned into the business models that were devised for print?

10. BioMed Central To be useful, scientific results need to be used, read, cited, shared, applied, extended, built-upon Print-derived models: Unlimited dissemination Optimal use

11. BioMed Central Open Access online publishing models will make published scientific results optimally useful Open Access in print Open Access on Internet  Open Access therefore deserves the wholehearted support from the science community

12. BioMed Central 1.The article is universally and freely accessible via the Internet, in an easily readable format and deposited immediately upon publication, without embargo, in an agreed format - current preference is XML with a declared DTD - in at least one widely and internationally recognised open access repository (such as PubMed Central). 2.The author(s) or copyright owner(s) irrevocably grant(s) to any third party, in advance and in perpetuity, the right to use, reproduce or disseminate the research article in its entirety or in part, in any format or medium, provided that no substantive errors are introduced in the process, proper attribution of authorship and correct citation details are given, and that the bibliographic details are not changed. If the article is reproduced or disseminated in part, this must be clearly and unequivocally indicated. What is Open Access?

13. BioMed Central How is Open Access paid for?

14. BioMed Central Publisher Free Use Manuscript Today’s (soon yesterday’s) print-derived model: Only those who can afford expensive subscriptions or licences have access Result: Author transfers copyright or exclusive publishing rights ©

15. BioMed Central Acquiring the rights to content, facilitating peer review, making web- ready, hosting, and embedding in the literature and then selling the content BioMed Central re-defines publishing Selling content Selling a service Leaving the rights with the author, just facilitating peer review, making web- ready, hosting, and embedding in the literature, and making the content freely available in Open Access  

16. BioMed Central Publisher Manuscript Tomorrow’s (today’s at BioMed Central) online-based model: Everyone has access All use is fair use Result: $ Author pays small amount of money or rather, institution pays on author’s behalf

17. BioMed Central Open Access at BioMed Central All research articles in any of the journals published by BioMed Central are available on line in open access as defined earlier Authors (their institutions) pay a small amount for ‘processing’ the article: -organising peer-review, -formatting and coding in XML for rendering in web-friendly HTML, -formatting in PDF for easy downloading and printing, -linking and embedding in the literature via PubMed, CrossRef, ISI and others, -depositing in secure archives like PubMed Central and others, -hosting on the BioMed Central site

18. BioMed Central Authors -Vastly improved visibility; high chance of being cited; may be posted on any web site the author chooses; may be printed and included in course packs Users -No need to worry whether the library has the journal; no need to access only via the institutional network Libraries/Institutions -Lower cost: $500 at input pays for it all; compare this with the current $3000-5000 aggregate publisher turnover per article, which the libraries collectively pay General advantages of Open Access

19. BioMed Central Embedding in science literature References linked via CrossRef References tracked by ISI Publicity Press-releases for articles suitable for wider, lay audiences Information Author has full access to download statistics Speed Submission, review, and publication entirely electronic Publication immediately upon acceptance Listed without delay in PubMed and deposited without embargo in PubMed Central and other secure archives Extra advantages at BioMed Central

20. BioMed Central Article Processing Charge (APC) $500 per published article Institutional Membership Amount depends on the size of the biomedical research staff and students at the institution; starts at $1500 Waivers Automatic for authors from a member institution Available on request for authors unable to pay, e.g. from developing countries Cost of Open Access at BioMed Central

21. BioMed Central Even if exactly the same amount of money were to be spent on open access business models as is currently being spent on subscriptions and access licences in the conventional model, for the benefits of open access alone it would be worth moving to new models. The benefits would be smaller for the Harvards than for the Have- nots, to be sure, but even for the Harvards the benefits of open access are substantial. The fact that an open access model doesn't have to cost nearly as much as the conventional model (for a start, all costs and efforts to keep users out could be scrapped), is a welcome side-effect to all but conventional publishers, but not the crux of the matter, at least not for scientists and scholars. Observation re Cost of Open Access

22. BioMed Central Peer Review takes away that risk All articles published in BioMed Central journals have been strictly peer-reviewed. Peer-reviewers do not know if the author will pay, the institution will pay, or if the charges will be waived. Payment is only required once the article is accepted. Author pays? Institution pays? Risk of vanity publishing?

23. BioMed Central Biology journals A full list can be found here: www.biomedcentral.com/browse/biology/ Medicine journals A full list can be found here: www.biomedcentral.com/browse/medicine/ The BioMed Central journals

24. BioMed Central deserves support from the whole science community Because to be useful, scientific results need to be used, read, cited, shared, applied, extended, built-upon And for that, they need to be accessible

25. BioMed Central Authors Submit your articles to Open Access journals Users Visit and cite Open Access journals Librarians –Take up institutional membership –Add our URL to your intranet or web pages Funding bodies and tenure committees Recognise Open Access research papers and the ‘payment-at-input’ model All of the above Advocate Open Access How can you support Open Access?

26. BioMed Central Home page: www.biomedcentral.comwww.biomedcentral.com Submissions: www.biomedcentral.com/info/publishing_adv.asp www.biomedcentral.com/info/publishing_adv.asp Email Editorial Director Peter Newmark: peter@biomedcentral.com peter@biomedcentral.com Institutional Membership: www.biomedcentral.com/info/instmembership.asp www.biomedcentral.com/info/instmembership.asp Email Membership Director Becky Fishman: becky@biomedcentral.com becky@biomedcentral.com General Marketing: www.biomedcentral.com/libraries/www.biomedcentral.com/libraries/ Email Marketing Director Natasha Robshaw: natasha@biomedcentral.com natasha@biomedcentral.com General Publishing: www.biomedcentral.comwww.biomedcentral.com Email Publisher Jan Velterop: jan@biomedcentral.comjan@biomedcentral.com Contacts @ BioMed Central

27. BioMed Central www.biomedcentral.com For Research Articles, All Use is Fair Use