1. Nouns and Pronouns Ze RULES, ja? Ja!

2. Definition – part of speech A NOUN names a person, place, thing or idea.

3. Definition Idea – a concept; an idea is a thing, but it’s a thing you can’t touch: it’s abstract.

4. Definition Abstract- An intangible idea: you cannot touch it.

5. Definition Concrete- a tangible thing: you can touch it.

6. Function - definition A noun can serve ONLY ONE FUNCTION in a sentence at a time A function is a job or task

7. In a sentence, a noun can serve one of 6 functions or jobs: Subject Predicate nominative (predicate noun) Direct object Indirect object Object of a preposition Possessive

8. Definition - function Subject - what the sentence is about; usually found at the beginning of the sentence before the verb

9. Definition - function Predicate nominative (also predicate noun) – noun that renames or refers back to the subject In the predicate, it must follow a linking verb

10. Definition - function Direct object – receives the direct action of the verb by the subject. The subject does something to it (the direct object). Is acted upon by the subject

11. Placement Direct object – in the predicate, it must follow an action verb and tell what or whom the subject is acting upon

12. Definition - function Indirect object – receives the action of the subject indirectly answers the questions: – to what? or to whom? – for what? or for whom?

13. Placement Indirect object - in the predicate between the action verb and the direct object Will never have an indirect object without a direct object

14. Definition – function Object of preposition – noun/pronoun that completes a prepositional phrase – Prepositional phrase never contains a verb – Prepositions should always be accompanied by their complete phrases – Never end a sentence with a lone preposition – Mark them off on worksheets and exercises with parentheses ( )

15. Placement Prepositional phrases may appear in either the subject or the predicate of a sentence Prepositional phrase begins with a preposition and ends with a noun or pronoun

16. Definition - function Possessives show ownership The ‘red flag’ is the ’s or the s’ at the end of the noun

17. Placement Possessives may appear anywhere in the sentence, either subject or predicate Possessives may be part of other phrases or clauses

18. REMINDER: A noun can serve ONLY ONE FUNCTION in a sentence at a time Look for the ‘red flags’: placement, apostrophes, prepositions, types of verbs

19. Cases Functions of nouns are classified into 3 cases: – Nominative: for naming, like a subject – Objective: directed or acted upon by some other part of the sentence – Possessive: for showing ownership

20. Cases – put your toys away Think of cases like boxes or actual suitcases that contain sorted items. Each case can hold only what it’s meant to hold, nothing more, nothing less. Each function can fit into one and only one case.

21. Cases It’s easy to tell which functions go with or fit into each case: The function names echo the case names for all but one function!

22. Nominative case Subject Predicate nominative (predicate noun)

23. Direct object Indirect object Object of preposition Objective case

24. Possessive case Possessives